Boosting Party Building in the New Era with Big Data

  On July 9, 2019, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in his speech at the party building work conference of the central and state organs: "We should closely follow the characteristics of the party building era and party member’s ideological and behavioral characteristics, actively explore new ways and methods that are conducive to solving problems, and actively explore new carriers and new ways to carry out work under the conditions of informationization." At present, with the rapid development of information technology, information technology represented by big data has profoundly changed people’s thinking, understanding and behavior. It is of great significance to make full use of the advantages of big data and strive to improve the breadth, depth and accuracy of party building work in the new situation.

  The Significance of Big Data in Promoting Party Building in the New Era

  In the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Opinions on Strengthening the Party’s Political Construction, it is proposed to actively use emerging technologies such as the Internet and big data, innovate the content and methods of party organization activities, and promote "smart party building". In the tide of informationization, we should explore the special role of big data in innovative party building.

  Big data is an important thrust to fully implement the general requirements of party building in the new era. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and organizational advantages are important guarantees for doing all the work well and overcoming all kinds of difficulties and risks. The world today is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a hundred years. The world has entered a period of turbulent change, and the difficulties and challenges faced by our party are different from those in the past. Facing the new situation and new challenges, how to fully implement the general requirements of Party building in the new era, so as to manage the Party well, effectively and effectively, and build our Party better and stronger. The application of big data in information resources, communication scope and work efficiency has provided favorable opportunities for grassroots party building work. Big data has become a powerful weapon for all countries in the world to achieve information development. The convenience, timeliness, extensibility and inclusiveness of big data determine its role in fully implementing the general requirements of party building in the new era today.

  Big data is the proper meaning of improving the scientific, accurate and standardized party building. A very important feature of big data technology is to digitize objects. Party building work can make use of big data to network and intelligentize Party building and education management services in party member, and provide standardized and convenient party management, innovative and diverse organizational activities, one-stop party member service, multi-angle learning and publicity, etc. Wherever the network develops, Party building work will cover it. Big data can also make centralized learning and organizational life break through the limitations of time and space, provide real-time, high-quality and large-capacity materials for party member’s learning and education, and provide digital support for party member’s learning achievement detection. Through the research and analysis of the data, we can master all the information of party member’s ideological level, work performance, behavior habits, party spirit cultivation and so on, upgrade and optimize the team building mode, and make the team building change from extensive management to refined management mode. At the same time, the value of big data can be further explored in the management of mobile party member, the assessment of leading cadres, the evaluation of party representatives’ performance, and the construction of the party’s grassroots organizations.

  Big data is an effective means to strengthen the daily supervision of leading cadres in party member. To uphold the party’s leadership, we must strictly manage the party. A very important aspect of "strictness" is to strengthen the supervision and management of cadres. Strengthen the daily management and supervision of leading cadres in party member, find the incipient problems as soon as possible, put the discipline ahead, and extend the comprehensive and strict management of the Party to the end and advance it to the depth. Judging from the current situation, there are still many shortcomings in accurately strengthening the daily supervision of cadres and power, and the extensive research and application of big data provides us with solutions and paths to improve the daily supervision and management of cadres. With the rapid development of the Internet, promoting the deep integration of traditional supervision means and modern information means, exploring the use of big data thinking and information means, strengthening comprehensive analysis and judgment, promoting the transformation of cadre supervision from simplification to three-dimensional, and making daily supervision more operational and effective are the "cages" for weaving power operation and effective means for strengthening daily supervision of leading cadres. Insisting on combining Party building with the application of information technology can help us fully, deeply and concretely understand the "hidden" problems existing in party member’s cadre information and Party building, and minor problems that are not easy to be found in the daily management of cadres are more likely to be exposed in data analysis, so that we can make an early warning response at the first time, "bite our ears" and "pull our sleeves" for cadres and move the cadre supervision barrier forward.Solve the problem at the beginning, in the bud.

  Using Big Data to Promote the Party Building Work

  Using big data to promote party building is a systematic project. Only by adhering to political guidance, making good use of technical means and strengthening team building can we better play the role of this emerging basic strategic resource and continuously improve the quality of party building.

  Political guidance is the premise. Big data is a double-edged sword. While realizing the great value brought by data security integration and data transaction circulation, the large-scale use of data inevitably brings potential risks, such as the risk of public opinion caused by public content, and the risk of data leakage, loss and abuse. In the process of making full use of big data to promote party building, strengthening political guidance is a prerequisite. We should deepen our understanding of the application of big data in Party building, further clarify the fundamental requirements for big data to boost Party building, always adhere to the correct political stance, political direction and political principles, and start with innovative forms of Party building work to provide high-quality and efficient information and technical services for Party organizations and party member groups, so as to enhance the organizational strength, cohesion and combat effectiveness of Party organizations. It is necessary to use Marxist philosophical principles to dialectically treat the advantages and disadvantages of the combination of big data and party building, realize the mutual promotion of science and technology and party building, and turn the biggest variable of the Internet into the biggest increment to promote party building.

  Technical means is the key. The data itself is meaningless, and the data is meaningful only after processing and interpretation. Starting from the massive data, after a series of technical processing such as collection, sorting, processing and analysis, effective information is deeply extracted and applied to specific goals, so as to reflect the value of the data itself. In this sense, the connotation of big data lies in the ability of thinking, tools and means to deal with these large-scale data. For the party building work in the new era, we should attach importance to the integration of advanced technology and ideas, break the conventional work mode, and promote the development of party work mode in the direction of informationization and intelligence. In particular, it is necessary to break the traditional thinking of "focusing on party building", take the big party building thinking as the guide, coordinate all functional departments, rely on advanced technical means such as big data, Internet of Things, VR and AR, cloud computing, take data and hardware as the basis, take the effective combination of traditional party building working methods and new smart party building models as the starting point, and aim at strengthening political functions, highlighting service functions and embodying innovative functions to build an efficient, smooth and safe party building information management platform.

  Team building is the foundation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that being good at obtaining data, analyzing data and using data is the basic skill for leading cadres to do a good job. Emphasize the need to build a multi-level and multi-type team of big data talents. In the era of mobile intelligence, talents play an important role in promoting the transformation and innovation of party building work. They should not only have strong business ability of party building work, but also have high ability to use information technology, and can effectively use big data technology, Internet of Things technology and cloud computing technology to carry out party affairs and strengthen the ideological guidance of the party. At present, the talent team engaged in party building work is generally older, unskilled in the use of new technologies, and some even have exclusion psychology. This requires selecting young and middle-aged talents with good political quality, strong network technology and good at party building and ideological and political work, and enriching them into the party building work team. It is also possible to carry out the training of party affairs staff in the aspects of intelligent knowledge, information security maintenance and application ability, build a team of party building big data, uniformly deploy and guide the integration of party building big data in various regions, and give feedback and evaluation based on the implementation effect of the work to promote the steady progress of party building big data integration.

  Safeguard measures to promote party building work by using big data

  Using big data to promote party building is a highly innovative work, which needs support and guarantee from all sides. This requires us to establish the strategic thinking of planning Party building with Internet thinking and promoting Party building with information technology, clarify the leading institutions, introduce construction standards, and improve various mechanisms to ensure that the use of big data to promote Party building is effective.

  Strengthen overall planning. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly pointed out that Party committees at all levels should attach great importance to the influence of information development on Party building, ensure that the Party’s work will be covered wherever the network develops, make full use of information technology to improve education management in party member, raise the level of mass work, and strengthen the positive guidance of online public opinion. Using big data to promote the construction of party building work is a systematic project. Without the cooperation of all parties, it is difficult to carry it out. It is necessary to build a smart party building leadership system with unified leadership of party committees, division of responsibilities of functional departments and joint management. Party organizations at all levels must understand the importance and urgency of promoting "big data+party building" from a strategic and overall perspective, and constantly enhance the consciousness and firmness of online party building. Relevant functional departments are in charge of formulating relevant policy documents and platform design of "Party Building+Big Data", coordinating, supervising and inspecting the work as a whole, strengthening the responsibilities and tasks of member units and relevant institutions, and building a development pattern of "Big Data+Party Building" with unified leadership of the Party Committee and government and relevant departments performing their respective duties. Leading cadres in party member have a leading role in demonstrating. They need to consciously establish new ideas, learn new technologies and use new media, take the lead in participating in the practice of "Big Data+Party Building", actively learn, understand and use the Internet, and truly become the leader and guide of smart party building.

  Introduce construction standards. At present, the use of big data to promote party building is in the exploratory stage. There is no unified construction standard, and all localities have their own characteristics and priorities, which is not conducive to standardized operation and high-quality development. We need to closely focus on the requirements and characteristics of Party building work in the new era, formulate a set of technical standards and protocols for "Big Data+Party Building" work including websites, software, APP, WeChat public platform and QR code application, clarify the interaction standards of various business data, define the data specifications for party organizations at all levels to exchange, and actively promote the rise to a unified standard. At the same time, from the three aspects of education, management and service in party member, a unified "Big Data+Party Building" business process is formulated, such as the development of party member workflow, the "three sessions and one lesson" process and the heart-to-heart conversation process.

  Improve various mechanisms. We need to speed up the establishment of a management mechanism for data collection, analysis, classification and use, and solve the problems of using big data to promote multi-head leadership of party building projects, repeated design of platforms, and different data standards, so as to achieve unified command, clear responsibilities and rights, and application to people. It is necessary to establish and improve the laws and regulations on personal information security and the supervision mechanism for the use of data information in party member, and strengthen the legal protection of personal privacy and data security. It is necessary to establish and improve the communication mechanism, realize the sharing of knowledge resources between party organizations across regions and industries, and realize the learning and transmission of key technical elements through new technical means. It is necessary to establish and improve the funding guarantee system and promote the infrastructure construction of "big data+party building". It is necessary to formulate corresponding performance appraisal standards in a targeted manner, carefully deploy the platform construction of party organizations at all levels, and evaluate the construction effectiveness, so that the new model of "Big Data+Party Building" can be put into practice as soon as possible.

  (Author: Linzi Unit: School of Marxism, Renmin University of China)

Beibei, a giant panda living in the United States, returned to China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center.

Beibei, a giant panda living in the United States, returned to China Giant Panda Protection and Research Center.

Beibei, the giant panda, rests in the animal house. Anyuan photo

  Zhongxin. com, Chengdu, November 21 (Reporter Anyuan) Beibei, a male giant panda born in the National Zoo of the United States, returned to his hometown in the early morning of the 21st and stayed at the Bifengxia base in Ya ‘an, China Giant Panda Conservation and Research Center.

Beibei, a giant panda, is familiar with the new environment in the outdoor playground. Anyuan photo

  According to the staff of Ya ‘an Bifengxia Base of China Giant Panda Protection Research Center, on the morning of 21st, as the special car carrying Beibei slowly pulled into the gate of Ya ‘an Bifengxia Base at night, the staff who had been waiting here gave a cheer. The winter night in Ya ‘an Bifengxia base was bitterly cold, but it did not affect everyone’s enthusiasm and passion for welcoming Beibei home. The staff unloaded the transport cage with Beibei in an orderly manner. Perhaps it is the fatigue of long-distance transportation, perhaps it is not suitable for the new environment, and "Beibei" is reluctant to come out in the transportation cage. After the Chinese breeder and American breeder patiently guided, communicated and appeased, Beibei, who gradually relaxed, bravely stepped out of the transport cage under the temptation of food and officially stayed in the giant panda quarantine area.

Hand over the giant panda "Beibei" file. Anyuan photo

  On August 22, 2015, the male giant panda "Beibei" was born at the National Zoo in the United States. According to the agreement between the two parties, giant pandas born in the National Zoo of the United States need to return to China at the age of 4. In August this year, "Beibei" spent her 4th birthday in the zoo. It is understood that after learning the news of Beibei’s return to China, many fans in the United States expressed their reluctance and came to the zoo to say goodbye to Beibei. The zoo also held a series of farewell activities for Beibei.

  It takes more than 16 hours to fly directly from Washington, USA to Chengdu, Sichuan. In order to make Beibei adapt to the long journey, the zoo has conducted physical examination and cage training for Beibei in advance, and prepared its favorite foods-bamboo, apples and carrots. The American breeder accompanied Beibei safely home all the way and will accompany Beibei at Bifengxia Base in Ya ‘an for several days to help him continue to adapt to his new home. Beibei will officially meet the public after the one-month quarantine period.

  Zhang Zhizhong, director of the Wildlife Protection Department of the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau and secretary of the Party Committee of the China Giant Panda Conservation Research Center, said that he was very grateful to the National Zoo for its meticulous care and feeding of giant pandas. The China Giant Panda Conservation Research Center and the National Zoo have achieved fruitful cooperation in the management of giant panda breeding, artificial breeding, scientific research, public education and cultural exchanges. As an important platform for international cooperation and exchange of giant pandas around the world, the Center has carried out panda research cooperation with 16 zoos in 14 countries around the world. There are 32 giant pandas still living abroad, and a total of 21 surviving giant panda cubs have been bred. The development of international research cooperation on giant pandas can not only enhance the friendship between the two peoples, but also spread Chinese culture with giant pandas as the carrier, enhance the national cultural soft power and the influence of Chinese culture, and show the world a true, three-dimensional, comprehensive, peaceful and friendly image of China.

Ningbo area eπ 008 is being discounted, the latest offer 188,600! Great offer today

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宁波地区eπ008正在优惠,最新报价18.86万!今日钜惠

eπ008采用流线型的设计语言,展现出强烈的未来感。前脸采用封闭式进气格栅设计,巧妙地融合了科技感与现代感。两侧大灯组造型独特,线条犀利,展现出强烈的视觉冲击力。整体风格简洁大气,彰显出eπ008的高端定位。

eπ008的车身尺寸为长5002mm、宽1972mm、高1732mm,轴距为3025mm。前轮距和后轮距均为1650mm,为车内空间提供了良好的支撑。车身侧面线条流畅,搭配265/45 R21规格的轮胎,轮圈设计时尚大气,凸显了车辆的运动风格。

宁波地区eπ008正在优惠,最新报价18.86万!今日钜惠

eπ008的内饰设计采用简约而不失科技感的风格,为驾乘者带来舒适的驾驶体验。中控台配备了一块15.6英寸的高清触控屏幕,集成了多媒体系统、导航、电话及空调控制等功能,用户可以通过语音识别控制系统轻松操作,提升了驾驶便捷性。方向盘采用皮质包裹,手感舒适,并支持手动上下和前后调节,满足不同驾驶者的个性化需求。此外,车内提供多个USB和Type-C接口,方便乘客连接设备充电,并设有前排无线充电功能。座椅采用仿皮材质,主副驾驶座椅不仅支持多向调节,还具备加热、通风功能,其中驾驶位座椅还特别配备了头枕扬声器,为驾驶者带来独特的听觉享受。前后排座椅均支持电动记忆功能,方便用户快速调整到最舒适的位置。第二排座椅则具备多向调节功能,包括前后移动、靠背倾斜和腿托调节,提供灵活的乘坐空间,确保乘客在长途旅行中的舒适度。

宁波地区eπ008正在优惠,最新报价18.86万!今日钜惠

eπ008配备了强劲的电动机,最大功率达到200千瓦,峰值扭矩为340牛·米,为车辆提供了卓越的动力表现和加速性能。

汽车之家车主对eπ008的外观评价非常积极,他表示外观个人觉得很大气,是我喜欢的感觉。他认为外观主要看个人喜好,但还是觉得非常赞,并建议选择白色,大气还不用加钱。

Shanghai deep blue SL03 car latest price 124,900, price reduction information, the latest offer discount 22,000, the car is sufficient

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上海深蓝SL03汽车最新价格12.49万,大降价,最新报价优惠2.2万,现车充足

The exterior design of the Deep Blue SL03 is unique. The front face adopts a futuristic matrix design. The air intake grille cleverly blends technology and sports elements to create a strong visual impact. The overall style is streamlined and sculptural, and the body lines are elegant and powerful, showing the perfect pursuit of aesthetics and efficiency of the Deep Blue brand.

上海深蓝SL03汽车最新价格12.49万,大降价,最新报价优惠2.2万,现车充足

The deep blue SL03 has an elegant body profile with delicate side lines, and its body size is 4820mm*1890mm*1480mm, and the wheelbase is up to 2900mm, showing a solid body ratio. The careful design of the front and rear tracks of 1620mm ensures driving stability. In terms of tire specifications, the deep blue SL03 uses 245/45 R19 high-performance tires, paired with exquisite rim style, which not only enhances driving performance, but also adds a stylish visual effect. Overall, these design details together shape the unique and dynamic side image of the deep blue SL03.

上海深蓝SL03汽车最新价格12.49万,大降价,最新报价优惠2.2万,现车充足

The interior design of the dark blue SL03 is very modern, showing the perfect fusion of sophistication and technology. The cabin is made of large areas of leather and imitation leather materials to create a comfortable and textured driving environment. The steering wheel is wrapped in leather or leather to provide a good grip and touch. It supports manual up and down + front and rear adjustment to meet the individual needs of the driver.

The 14.6-inch central control screen is a highlight of the interior, which is clear and easy to operate. It integrates functions such as multimedia system, navigation, phone and air conditioning, providing a full range of information and entertainment experiences for drivers and passengers. The front and rear rows are each equipped with a USB/Type-C interface to meet the charging needs of electronic devices. At the same time, the wireless charging function of mobile phones makes daily use more convenient.

In terms of seats, the seat design of the dark blue SL03 fully considers the comfort of the occupant, including front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, high and low adjustment and waist support. The driver’s seat is also equipped with a power seat memory function. The front seats not only have heating and ventilation functions, but also support 4-way adjustment to ensure the comfort of long-term driving. The rear seats support proportional reclining, which increases the flexibility of the space.

上海深蓝SL03汽车最新价格12.49万,大降价,最新报价优惠2.2万,现车充足

The deep blue SL03 is equipped with a 1.5L L4 engine. Although its maximum power is 70 kilowatts, the specific maximum torque value is not mentioned in the given information. This powertrain is matched with an electric vehicle single-speed transmission, providing the vehicle with an efficient power output and driving experience.

Overall, the exterior design of the deep blue SL03 is undoubtedly a highlight of its charm in the eyes of the owner. Its dynamic lines, exquisite craftsmanship and precise grasp of modern aesthetics not only won his personal love, but also heralded that it will stand out among similar models and become a unique and attractive scenery on the road. For consumers who pursue individuality and quality, the exterior design of the deep blue SL03 is undoubtedly a trustworthy choice.

Expert sitting

Q: The engine compartment of the Mondeo Win is dirty. Can it be cleaned with a high-pressure water gun?

A: It is absolutely not advisable to use a high-pressure water gun to flush the engine compartment. Today’s cars are equipped with an electronically controlled fuel injection system, and the engine compartment is equipped with an engine computer, a gearbox computer, an ignition computer, and various sensors and actuators. These electronic components are all controlled by voltage. After coming into contact with water, there may be a short circuit, which is likely to damage the engine computer. Generally speaking, the price of an engine computer is several thousand yuan, and the price of a sensor is also around 1,000 yuan. These accessories can be said to be very expensive. For the dust in the engine compartment, it is recommended that you go to a repair shop or tire shop to clean it with a high-pressure air gun, or use a wet towel without water to clean it up.

    

  Q: Why does Dongfeng Peugeot 307 antifreeze leak into the cab?

A: According to the phenomenon you described, there should be leakage in the warm air small water tank or water pipe joint. Peugeot 307 warm air small water tank is located in the cab. The specific position of the small water tank is close to the side of the driver’s right leg. The leakage part is generally the water pipe joint. Poor sealing of the water pipe joint will lead to antifreeze leakage. The possibility of leakage of the small water tank is very small. In this case, it is recommended that the vehicle go to the 4S shop for maintenance immediately. It can be solved by replacing it with new accessories.

    

Q: Is there no need to replace the environmental protection logo after the annual vehicle inspection?

A: The current environmental protection logo does not need to be replaced. The environmental protection logo received by the owner is accompanied by an electronic chip, which stores the relevant information of the vehicle. When the vehicle is inspected again, the information stored in the electronic chip will be used as the basis for testing. After the inspection, there is no need to replace the environmental protection logo card. Just refresh the chip and get a simple piece of paper.

    

Q: Is the Honda Fit automatic in D or N gear when waiting for the red light?

A: When driving a vehicle equipped with an automatic transmission while waiting for a signal light or stuck in traffic, some drivers often keep the shift lever in gear D and press the brake pedal at the same time. If the time is very short, this is allowed. But if you stop for a long time, it is best to change into gear N or P and tighten the parking brake. Because when the shift lever is in gear D, the automatic transmission car will move forward slightly. If you step on the brake pedal for a long time, it is equivalent to forcibly stopping this advance, which will increase the transmission oil temperature and make the oil easy to deteriorate.

    

  Q: Every time Yida starts, there will be abnormal noises when changing second gear. What’s going on?

A: Expert: When the vehicle is started at a speed of about 20 kilometers per hour, the ABS pump will make a self-test sound, and this phenomenon also exists in other brands of models. This sound will only appear after the engine is restarted, which is a normal phenomenon and does not require a 4S shop for maintenance.

    

Q: What should I do if the Audi A8L chassis cannot be lifted normally?

A: First check whether the air pump of the chassis lifting system is running normally, then check whether the relevant pipelines connected to the air pump are leaking, and whether the control unit of the lifting system is faulty. Start the engine to operate the chassis lifting and lowering should be able to hear the sound of the air pump working below. In addition, the failure of the chassis lifting height sensor will also cause it to not work properly.

    

  Q: In the 2005 Nissan Teana 350, why do you always hear similar noise while driving?

A: The Nissan Teana 350 is equipped with a CVT continuously variable transmission. This abnormal sound is commonly referred to as "barking". The reason is the matching of the high compression ratio of this model and the best speed ratio of the CVT continuously variable transmission. At present, there are two main reasons for this failure:

1) Fuel combustion quality. According to the requirements of environmental protection design standards and the compression ratio of models, models with Euro III or Euro IV emission standards should use Euro III or Euro IV fuel. If the gasoline octane number does not meet the standard, it will cause excessive emissions, which will be detected by the control system, causing the engine failure light to light up, or premature ignition knock due to high compression ratio.

2) Internal colloids and carbon deposits. During the storage and transportation of fuel, oxidation reactions are prone to occur, resulting in colloidal substances. These colloidal substances are divided into soluble colloids and insoluble colloids according to the solubility of gasoline. Insoluble colloids are also called deposits. After they are added to the car fuel tank together with fuel, they will adhere to the fuel filter, clog the filter medium, reduce the amount of fuel supply, insufficient oil transportation, and poor fuel atomization, resulting in thinning of the combustible mixture, and a decrease in engine power and economy.

After the soluble colloid enters the combustion chamber and burns together with the gasoline, many hard carbon deposits will be formed in the intake valve, the top of the piston, the piston ring groove, the combustion chamber, the spark plug and other parts, resulting in lax valve closure and engine performance degradation, such as unsmooth acceleration, unstable idle speed, stall, jitter, knock and a series of failures. Also affected by maintenance and the environment, during crankcase ventilation work, many impurities enter the intake pipe and burn, which also produces partial carbon deposits, which will lead to knock (called rod) phenomenon.

Maintenance plan:

1) Conduct internal cleaning according to vehicle conditions to remove carbon deposits formed inside the engine, and regularly clean or replace the air filter.

2) It is recommended to add No. 97 unleaded gasoline to the vehicle and slowly add the accelerator during use.

    

  Q: The old Bora has high fuel consumption recently. After inspection, it was learned that the spark plug gap is too large. Can you adjust the spark plug gap and continue to use it?

A: The working condition of the spark plug has a lot to do with fuel consumption. The function of the spark plug is to generate an electric spark when the high voltage electricity skips the gap between the electrodes and ignites the mixture in the cylinder. At present, the gap of the spark plug of the EFI engine is mostly between 1.0~ 1.2mm (specific to the gap of each model, you need to refer to the maintenance manual). If the gap of the spark plug is too large, it will cause the jump voltage to be higher, so that the ignition coil will heat up beyond the load, or even burn out, and there will be a phenomenon of fire failure at high speed; if the gap is too small, the spark time will be shortened, resulting in a reduction in the ignition energy and it is not easy to ignite the mixture. Therefore, be sure to ensure a normal spark plug gap.

Volkswagen Bora model spark plugs are replaced every 30,000 kilometers, and must be replaced after driving to the specified mileage, and cannot be adjusted for continued use.

    

    Q: The fuel consumption information of the new Jingcheng driving computer shows 8.8 liters, but the actual fuel consumption is about 11 liters. Why is that?

A: Today’s cars are equipped with a large number of electronic information devices, which is indeed helpful to drivers. For example, outside the car temperature information, instantaneous fuel consumption, fuel consumption of 100 kilometers, oil level information, etc., but these information manufacturers call reference information. The 8.8 liters of fuel consumption you see is not the most accurate fuel consumption, and can only be used as a reference. For the new automatic transmission range, it is normal for the 1.8L displacement engine to consume between 10 and 11 liters under comprehensive road conditions. It is difficult to control the fuel consumption within 10 liters when driving in urban areas.

    

  Q: The Maiteng engine failure light is on, and No. 93 unleaded gasoline has been added to Sinopec Group. What should I do now?

A: Expert of Wanche Network: The lighting of the Maiteng engine fault light indicates that the exhaust emissions exceed the standard, or the engine working condition is abnormal. The lighting of the fault light has a lot to do with the oil. Adding low-grade gasoline or inferior oil will cause the engine failure light to light up. Maiteng 1.8T engine needs to add No. 97 unleaded gasoline. You can try to replace the high-grade oil first. If the fault light will still light up after replacing No. 97 gasoline, focus on checking whether the oxygen sensor signal is normal. Poor or damaged oxygen sensor will cause the fault light to light up. Then there is carbon deposition inside the engine. Too much carbon deposition will also cause the fault light to light up.

    

Q: The new Elysee engine fault light is on, and the accelerator pedal loses its function, and there is obvious shaking in the idling speed. The failure will still occur after cleaning the throttle body. What’s going on?

A: The Elysee engine fault light is on, and the accelerator pedal loses its function. It may be caused by poor contact of the electronic throttle body connector, which has nothing to do with the carbon deposition of the electronic throttle body. This fault phenomenon requires the replacement of the electronic throttle connector. There are many phenomena in which the faulty light is lit due to poor contact of the throttle body connector of the Elysee car. Secondly, check the accelerator pedal position sensor. Damage or abnormality of the pedal position sensor can also lead to such faults. The loss of the accelerator pedal will affect driving safety. Such faults need to be repaired in time. (For more related problems, please contact "Quality Car Expert". Wanche Network www.webcars.com.cn)

Notice of the Sichuan Provincial People’s Government on the Appointment and Removal of Deng Chao and Other Positions

Sichuan Provincial People’s Government

Notice on the Appointment and Removal of Deng Chao and Other Positions

Chuanfu Letter [2024] No. 103

Municipal (prefecture) people’s governments, provincial government departments, and agencies directly under them:

The Sichuan Provincial People’s Government has decided to:

Appointment:

Deng Chao is the director of the Sichuan Provincial Energy Bureau;

Huang Zhi is the full-time deputy director of the Sichuan Provincial Railway and Airport Construction Office and the deputy director of the Sichuan Provincial Development and Reform Commission.

exempt:

Liang Wuhu’s position as director of the Sichuan Provincial Energy Bureau;

Deng Chao held the positions of full-time deputy director of the Sichuan Provincial Railway and Airport Construction Office and deputy director of the Sichuan Provincial Development and Reform Commission;

Huang Zhi is the full-time deputy director of the Sichuan Provincial Implementation Western Development Office (Sichuan Panxi Regional Resource Development Office).

Hereby inform.

Sichuan Provincial People’s Government

April 7, 2024

The real feeling of driving BYD Han EV for one year.


I bought it last year. At first, it was quite controversial, that is, there were different voices at home, but after buying it, the family was harmonious, and everyone felt that this car was quite good every day.
Let’s talk about the appearance first, which is in line with the design of our people. The headlights have strong penetration at night, a good sense of vision, and the lines of the car body are particularly smooth, which has a sense of movement.
There is a big screen in the car, the one that can rotate, and the network speed, which I forgot, is very smooth and won’t get stuck, and the console also looks very classy. In terms of materials, you will know that the basic new car has no smell when you buy it. It will be OK after two or three days. My wife has a deep understanding of this, because she is a little allergic, which is one of the reasons why she supports me to buy this car.
Let’s talk about the internal space, because we are a family car, we usually take two babies and bring a lot of things, such as milk, cups, paper towels, diapers, and some changed clothes, which require more savings space. Han EV gives me the impression that there are so many savings compartments that we can always find some small places to put things. The space in the trunk is also OK, so push-pull carts and scooters that usually put children can be put down.
As for the power, my feeling is that stepping on the accelerator will not make me feel frustrated, and the gear shift will be smoother, and it will be smoother when I pass the speed bump, but the feeling of pushing my back is strong when I drive at high speed. In addition, it starts faster and overtakes, so sometimes it’s very cool to drive on the road and overtake others.
Let’s not talk about the endurance. Everyone knows that this car is open in the community, and it is quite OK. There is no endurance anxiety at all. Anyway, two words: reality.

Are they all called DHT? Comparative Analysis of Blending Technology between Chery Kunpeng and Great Wall Lemon

[EV Vision Technology Comparison] Nowadays, when vehicle electrification has become the mainstream of development, diesel locomotives seem to gradually withdraw from the rhythm of the historical stage. However, the reality proves that the models with internal combustion engines will not disappear for a long time to come, but will have certain advantages in some aspects. However, this species that does not suffer from "mileage anxiety" will make car owners suffer from another disease-"fuel consumption anxiety". Therefore, on the issue of how to treat it, plug-in hybrid models have become this good medicine.

Before, we made a comparison between BYD DM-i and Great Wall Lemon DHT (extended reading: BYD DM-i or Great Wall Lemon DHT, who represents the peak of domestic hybrid technology? ), which proves that domestic hybrid technology is gradually rising and has the strength to compete with foreign hybrid technology. Of course, this technical field in China is more than these two. Looking at the industry, basically most OEMs have started to develop their own latest hybrid technology, and among them, Chery’s Kunpeng DHT has become another new hot spot after the first two. If you look closely, you may find that compared with the hybrid technology of the Great Wall, the word DHT appears behind Chery’s technology. What is the difference between it and lemon DHT?

What does DHT mean?

If you answer what is the most obvious difference between Kun Peng DHT and lemon DHT, there is actually a difference in word meaning.

The DHT of great wall lemon is calledDedicated Hybrid Technology, the Chinese translation isSpecial technology for hybrid power, is a complete hybrid technical scheme, including engine, transmission, drive axle, battery and other components.

DHT of Great Wall Lemon

Chery Kunpeng’s DHT is calledDedicated Hybrid Transmission, that isSpecial gearbox for hybrid powerBased on the traditional fuel vehicle gearbox, some electrified components are added to realize hybrid power technology.

DHT of Chery Kunpeng

So it can be seen that there are some differences in the technical route between the two. Please look down.

Comparison of hybrid architectures

Dual-motor+engine combination may be the trend of hybrid technology development now. Take DHT of Great Wall Lemon as an example, it is a powerful three-engine/four-engine power system composed of a 1.5L/1.5T hybrid special engine, a highly integrated dual-motor hybrid gearbox and a 135kW three-in-one two-gear electric drive rear axle. Under this system, three different specifications of power (PHEV/HEV) assemblies suitable for Class A, Class B and Class C have been successively introduced. In addition, under the PHEV architecture, there is also a "1.5T +DHT130+P4" four-wheel drive powertrain, which corresponds to different levels of products to meet the diversified choices of users.

Specifically, the lemon hybrid DHT consists of a high-efficiency hybrid special engine, a highly integrated dual-motor hybrid gearbox and a 135kW three-in-one two-speed electric drive rear axle, forming a powerful three-engine/four-engine power system, which brings super power. The maximum power of HEV two-drive system is 180kW, and the total power of PHEV two-drive system can reach 240kW. The front and rear axle motors with PHEV+P4 structure can output power at the same time, and the maximum system total power can reach 320kW. The intelligent four-wheel drive system of this architecture has strong climbing ability, such as achieving 60%-65% maximum climbing degree when dry asphalt pavement and 15%-18% maximum climbing degree when snow.

High fuel efficiency hybrid special engine

In terms of transmission, Great Wall Lemon DHT is similar to Honda i-MMD, except that it has two gears when the engine is driven, while the latter has only one gear when the engine is driven. By selecting the gear, it can give full play to the performance advantages of the engine. The system also adopts dual-motor series-parallel topology, which can realize EV, series connection, parallel connection, energy recovery and other working modes, and achieve a perfect balance between power and fuel consumption in various driving scenarios. As for the battery, the Great Wall Lemon DHT architecture is equipped with the world’s largest capacity and high-efficiency hybrid battery, which has the highest performance in the industry with a pure battery life of 200km. With CTP(Cell to Pack) technology, the energy density of the battery pack reaches 160Wh/kg, and it supports 11kW AC slow charging and DC fast charging.

High integration hybrid DHT transmission

Although there is not much information about Chery Kunpeng DHT, we can still see the clue from the known information.

From this exploded view, we can roughly see the structure of the whole system. Chery Kunpeng DHT also uses the combination of engine and dual motors, but here I want to knock on a blackboard to draw a key point. Different from the mainstream development, Kunpeng DHT is the only hybrid architecture driven by dual motors in China brand at present. An output mode mainly driven by electricity can be provided. In this hybrid system, the motor bears the main driving responsibility, and the engine can supply energy for the power battery under low load conditions. Therefore, two relatively low-power drive motors are equipped with FIO fixed-point injection oil-cooled motor technology and TEM dual-motor power distribution technology developed by Chery, in order to replace the effect of a single high-power drive motor.

In terms of data, the maximum power output torque of Kunpeng DHT can reach 510N·m, and the whole box torque density is 35 N m/kg, which can match large and medium-sized cars and SUV models, and can realize nine high-efficiency working modes such as single/double motor drive, extended range, parallel connection, direct engine drive, single/double motor braking energy recovery and driving/parking charging. Kun Peng DHT adopts TEM ultra-efficient dual-motor power distribution technology, which can choose the best electric drive source and gear according to the load size to improve the driving efficiency, thus creating a smooth driving experience and more efficient power distribution. The maximum transmission efficiency is more than 97.6%, the average efficiency of electric drive in NEDC working condition is more than 90%, the peak efficiency of flat wire motor is more than 97%, the power is 6.0kW/kg, and the fuel saving rate in low power mode is more than 50%.

In addition, Kunpeng DHT has 11 combined gears (seemingly the largest in the world? )。 However, it should be noted here that the gear position of Kunpeng DHT is not limited to these 11 combinations. Due to the existence of dual motors and the provision of a 3-speed transmission device in the engine direct drive mode. You know, most of the mainstream technologies now adopt a direct clutch structure, that is, the generator can directly drive the wheels. However, when they are all direct-drive output, they all have only one gear, which limits the highest efficiency working range (the difference between ordinary bicycles and variable-speed bicycles), so Kunpeng DHT is equipped with three gears on the engine to broaden the engine driving performance. First of all, the first speed ratio is relatively large, which is mainly used for starting and accelerating. The third speed ratio is very small, mainly to ensure low engine speed, low fuel consumption and noise reduction when driving at high speed. Among them, the second speed ratio mainly takes into account the shift of the first gear and the third gear to ensure the smoothness of the shift, and at the same time takes into account the fuel consumption at the middle and low speeds.

It is worth mentioning that these permutations and combinations can achieve dozens of gear combinations, but the manufacturer has chosen 11 most suitable gears. In different working scenarios, the built-in control system of Kunpeng DHT calculates the optimal working gear in real time, and cooperates with Chery’s FIO fixed-point injection oil-cooled motor technology, TEM ultra-efficient dual-motor power distribution technology and ultra-smooth TSD dual-shaft drive design to achieve the balance of power, ride comfort and economy.

Comparison of working principles

There are four working modes of Great Wall Lemon DHT, including pure electric drive mode, series mode, first gear direct drive mode (low speed cruise), first gear direct drive mode (performance direct drive), second gear direct drive mode (high speed cruise) and energy recovery mode.

The important core of overall fuel saving is to make the engine work in an efficient working point area. When driving at low speed in general urban areas, lemon DHT will switch between EV mode and series mode, and maintain the engine in the most efficient area. When driving in suburbs and viaducts, the series mode will still be adopted at medium and low speed, but at medium and high speed, the engine will start to intervene, and when encountering heavy load demand, the engine+parallel drive mode will be adopted, which not only maintains high efficiency, but also provides sufficient response for power. Finally, at high speed, the engine direct-drive working point will directly fall in the high-efficiency area, or when the power is enough, EV battery life will be adopted to reduce fuel consumption.

As can be seen from the published data, the working mode of Chery Kunpeng DHT can be said to be another way.

First of all, the front part will be equipped with a small displacement (1.5T) inverted engine. Why did you choose this engine type? First of all, the intake manifold of the inverted engine is shorter, and the air intake is more direct and smooth. In addition, the air does not need to be heated above the engine to reduce the air density and oxygen content, so the engine burns more fully, the thermal efficiency is higher than that of the upright engine, and the fuel consumption is correspondingly reduced. In addition, this engine has a relatively compact volume to reduce the cabin space and lay the foundation for weight reduction because the intake manifold and exhaust manifold do not need to be wound up and down from the engine for half a turn.

The dual-motor part of the predecessor is composed of two low-power driving motors. Why choose two low-power drive motors but not one high-power motor directly? The reason for this is that if a high-power motor is used, the efficiency of the motor will be greatly reduced at first when it starts at low speed and runs at high speed, and when it enters the power loss state, the engine will start to intervene in power generation, and the fuel consumption will inevitably increase. Therefore, using two low-power motors can make the whole hybrid system work in a high-efficiency area with the same comprehensive performance. After that, it is combined with the previously mentioned Kunpeng DHT gearbox to achieve the purpose of fuel saving. In addition, after adopting the dual-motor scheme in manufacturing cost, the dependence on high-precision gears is relatively reduced. After all, this aspect can only rely on imports for the time being.

Who are the models under DHT technology?

WEY macchiato

On April 15th this year, Great Wall Motor conducted an online lemon hybrid DHT vehicle test, which was the first time to be tested with a real vehicle. The tested model was WEY Macchiato, which will be listed soon. This model is equipped with the latest lemon hybrid DHT technology of the Great Wall, and is also equipped with the combined configuration of 1.5L Atkinson cycle engine and motor. The maximum horsepower of the engine is 102kW, the maximum power of the motor is 154kW, and the combined maximum power is 190kW. It is worth mentioning that the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is only 4.7L and the maximum cruising range can reach 1100km. The subsequent PHEV plug-in hybrid vehicle has a pure electric cruising range of 110km.

Tiggo 8 PLUS PHEV

Tiggo 8 PLUS PHEV is Chery’s first model equipped with DHT hybrid system, which adopts a three-motor four-wheel drive hybrid system with 1.5T turbocharged engine+front double motor+rear single motor. Among them, the maximum power of the engine is 125kW, the peak torque is 252N·m, the official 0-100km/h acceleration is only 4.9 seconds, and the comprehensive fuel consumption is only 1.3L/100km.

EV vision view:Although the published information is very limited, through the comparison of these two technologies, we can see that their innovation in hybrid technology is enough to compete with hybrid power enterprises, which not only opens the door to the development of domestic hybrid technology, but also makes China brand occupy a place in the world. At present, the latest "Roadmap 2.0 for Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles" issued by China Automotive Engineering Society clearly puts forward that traditional vehicles should be fully "mixed" in the next 15 years. By 2035, among the non-new energy vehicles that still occupy half of the market, hybrid power will become the leading force. Therefore, the automobile industry has developed in parallel with many technical routes. In order to realize the low-carbon of energy-saving vehicles, the automobile factory must establish a new hybrid technical route. Therefore, both Kunpeng DHT and Lemon DHT will become the new trump cards representing the development of hybrid technology in China. In the future, EV Vision will dynamically evaluate two vehicles based on its own hybrid technology, so stay tuned!

Reduce high-speed fees and introduce unlimited policies to encourage the purchase of new energy vehicles.

Data Map: China advanced new energy vehicle production line was put into production in Weihai. Photo by Liu Changyong

  BEIJING, Beijing, August 30 (Qiu Yu) The application announced by the Beijing minibus index management system shows that all the 60,000 new energy vehicle indicators have been robbed. New energy vehicles are becoming more and more popular. The reporter from Zhongxin. com (WeChat WeChat official account: cns2012) found that more than 10 provinces have introduced relevant policies to encourage the purchase and use of new energy vehicles, and the problems such as insufficient number of charging piles are expected to be improved.

  Charging facilities — —

  Many places require large public buildings to charge parking spaces not less than 10%.

  The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Notice on Strengthening the Planning and Construction of Urban Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities, saying that by 2020, the number of electric vehicles in China will exceed 5 million, and the contradiction between the serious shortage of charging facilities and the rapid growth of electric vehicles will be further aggravated.

  In order to solve this problem, Hebei, Fujian and other places put forward requirements for the configuration of charging facilities near residential areas and large public buildings in documents.

  The reporter found out that Hebei, Fujian, Guangdong, Chongqing and other places require that the parking spaces for new residential buildings should be 100% reserved for the construction and installation of charging facilities, and the parking spaces with charging facilities for large public buildings should be no less than 10% of the total parking spaces. At least one fast charging and replacing power station should be built for every 2,000 electric vehicles.

  Regarding the proportion of parking spaces with charging facilities in large public buildings, Shandong and Hainan have higher requirements, with 15% and 20% respectively.

The picture shows the electric vehicle charging pile. Zhongxin. com < /a alt=

  The picture shows the electric vehicle charging pile. Zhongxin.com reporter Jin Shuo photo

  Convenient access &mdash; &mdash;

  Tianjin stipulates that new energy vehicles are not restricted by tail number restrictions.

  The reporter noted that Tianjin, Shanxi and other places have issued documents to facilitate the travel of new energy vehicles.

  Tianjin proposed that since January 1, 2016, new energy vehicles with license plates issued by this city will not be restricted by motor vehicle tail number restrictions.

  Shanxi stipulates that from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017, highway tolls will be levied by half for the marked gas heavy trucks and methanol heavy trucks when passing through highways in Shanxi Province.

  Seven departments in Shanghai jointly issued the Interim Measures of Shanghai Municipality for Encouraging the Purchase and Use of New Energy Vehicles (revised in 2016), and proposed that the city should give preferential treatment and convenient access to new energy vehicles when adopting motor vehicle restriction measures to alleviate traffic congestion.

Data Map: China advanced new energy vehicle production line was put into production in Weihai. Photo by Liu Changyong

  A new energy electric car shuttle bus passed by a test center in Taiyuan, Shanxi. China News Agency issued Zhang Yunshe

  Popularization and application &mdash; &mdash;

  In 2018, 100% of new vehicles in Hainan public institutions will use new energy vehicles.

  Many places plan to strengthen the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in the field of public services, and put forward specific proportions.

  Hainan requires that from 2016 to 2020, the proportion of new energy buses in newly added and replaced buses will reach 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% respectively. From 2018 onwards, new energy vehicles should be 100% used for vehicles added or replaced by public institutions every year, except in special circumstances.

  Shandong proposed that in 2014-2016, the proportion of new energy vehicles purchased by government agencies and public institutions in Qingdao and other demonstration cities for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in that year was not less than 30%, and it will increase year by year.

  Not only in the field of public services, Gansu has also put forward requirements for the overall promotion of new energy vehicles in the province. From 2016 to 2020, the number of new energy vehicles promoted in the province shall be no less than 10,000, 12,000, 15,000, 20,000 and 30,000 respectively, and the number of new energy vehicles promoted shall account for no less than 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% of the total number of new and updated vehicles in the region.

Data Map: China advanced new energy vehicle production line was put into production in Weihai. Photo by Liu Changyong

  Financial subsidies &mdash; &mdash;

  Beijing, Shanghai and other places set a ceiling for the total amount of subsidies.

  Beijing, Shanghai, Hainan and other places subsidize new energy vehicles, and at the same time set the upper limit of the total subsidy.

  Beijing and Hainan stipulate that for new energy vehicles, the subsidy standard shall be determined according to the ratio of 1:1 between the state and the city, and the total financial subsidy of the state and the city shall not exceed 60% of the sales price of the vehicle.

  Shanghai and Gansu put forward in the document that the total financial subsidies of the state and the city for new energy vehicles should not exceed 50% of the vehicle sales price.

  In Hebei Province, nine types of new energy vehicles, such as government official vehicles, law enforcement patrol cars, school buses and taxis, were included in the scope of public services. During the promotion period, provincial finance subsidized car buyers according to the national subsidy standard of 1:1. (End)

Five departments: schools shall not force or imply students and parents to buy designated teaching AIDS or materials.

  央视网消息:据教育部网站信息,日前,教育部等五部门印发《关于进一步加强和规范教育收费管理意见》的通知(简称《通知》),要求各地按照规定的管理权限全面落实教育收费管理主体责任,正确处理好政府与社会、受教育者的关系,正确处理好教育收费与财政拨款、学生资助的关系,正确处理好简政放权和放管结合、优化服务的关系,进一步完善教育收费政策体系、制度体系、监管体系,提升教育收费治理能力。

  关于进一步加强和规范教育收费管理的意见

  党中央、国务院历来高度重视教育收费管理工作,自全国治理教育乱收费部际联席会议制度建立以来,在各有关部门、地方各级政府的共同努力下,教育收费水平保持了基本稳定,教育乱收费现象得到了有效遏制。但随着经济社会的发展,教育收费管理工作在体制机制、政策执行、监督管理等方面仍然存在一些问题,与教育改革发展的需要和人民群众的期待仍然存在一定差距。为贯彻落实《中国教育现代化2035》《国务院办公厅关于进一步调整优化结构 提高教育经费使用效益的意见》等文件精神,进一步加强和规范教育收费管理,现提出以下意见。

  一、总体要求

  (一)指导思想

  以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,全面贯彻落实党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中全会精神,深入贯彻落实全国教育大会精神,始终坚持把教育事业摆在优先位置,主动适应教育、财税、价格等领域改革新要求,巩固完善以政府投入为主、多渠道筹集教育经费体制,逐步完善各级各类教育投入机制和非义务教育培养成本分担机制,建立健全教育收费政策体系、制度体系、监管体系,提升教育收费治理能力,持续巩固教育乱收费治理成果,促进教育公平而有质量的发展。

  (二)基本原则

  ——坚持公益属性、分类管理。坚持教育的公益性,充分发挥政府对教育事业的主导作用。区分义务教育和非义务教育的不同阶段,区分非营利性和营利性民办教育的不同属性,正确处理政府与社会、受教育者之间的关系,合理分担教育培养成本。

  ——坚持分级审批、属地管理。教育领域行政事业性收费项目、标准实行中央和省两级审批,中央部门所属学校收费标准实行属地管理。各省、自治区、直辖市(以下简称各省)按照规定的管理权限,科学制定收费政策,加强收费项目管理,合理确定收费标准,全面落实教育收费管理主体责任。

  &mdash; &mdash; Adhere to problem orientation, reform and innovation. Constantly improve the management system of education fees, improve the policy of education fees, strengthen the management of fees in key areas and key units, focus on solving the problems of fees system and mechanism that are incompatible with the reform and development of education, and focus on solving the problems of fees that are strongly reflected by the masses. Administer education in an all-round way according to law, adhere to administration and financial management according to law, strengthen supervision after the event, combine daily supervision with special supervision, and innovate the way of charging supervision.

  Second, improve the education charging policy

  (3) Adhere to the nine-year compulsory education system. Compulsory education is fully included in the scope of financial security, and public compulsory education schools do not charge tuition and miscellaneous fees. All localities should strictly implement the compulsory education law, consolidate and improve the funding guarantee mechanism for compulsory education in urban and rural areas, adhere to the nine-year compulsory education system, and prohibit arbitrarily expanding the implementation scope of the free education policy. The standard of exempting students from tuition and miscellaneous fees in private compulsory education schools is implemented according to the benchmark quota of public funds per student; For the part with insufficient per capita education and training cost, we should strictly implement the non-profit statutory requirements and reasonably determine the charging standard. It is strictly forbidden to collect donations linked to enrollment. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, schools or other social organizations that recruit students in the compulsory education stage to carry out professional training in literature, art and sports should not include tuition and fees that students are exempted from after completing the nine-year compulsory education course.

  (four) adhere to the implementation of non compulsory education training cost sharing mechanism. Non-compulsory education implements the input mechanism of government investment, reasonable sharing by the educated and financing from other channels. According to the cost of running a school, the level of economic development and the financial situation, all provinces should implement and dynamically adjust the per capita financial allocation standard or the per capita public funding standard for public kindergartens, ordinary high schools, secondary vocational schools, higher vocational colleges and ordinary undergraduate colleges. Schools (including kindergartens, the same below) charge tuition fees (conservation education fees) to the educated according to a certain proportion of the annual average cost of education and training, and charge accommodation fees to boarding students in consideration of actual costs (excluding financial allocations). Students with financial difficulties in families enjoy the policy of reduction and exemption in accordance with relevant state regulations. All provinces should reasonably determine the proportion of tuition fees (conservation education fees) of public kindergartens, ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools to the annual average education and training costs in light of local conditions. At present, the proportion of tuition fees in public institutions of higher learning to the annual average cost of education and training should not exceed 25%, and all localities should reasonably determine it according to the level of economic and social development, training costs and people’s affordability.

  Kindergartens run by the army that recruit children of local personnel and enjoy subsidies from the local people’s government shall be charged in accordance with the relevant provisions of public kindergartens; Those who do not enjoy subsidies shall be specifically formulated by the army in accordance with relevant state policies, and the charging standards shall be reasonably determined. The charging policies for Chinese-foreign cooperative education and part-time postgraduate education shall be formulated by the provinces.

  (5) Adhere to the classified management of private education fees. According to the relevant provisions of the Law on the Promotion of Private Education, the specific measures for charging non-profit private schools shall be formulated by the provincial people’s government; The charging standards of for-profit private schools shall be regulated by the market and decided by the schools themselves. The charging standard of inclusive private kindergartens is determined reasonably according to the administrative measures for the identification of inclusive private kindergartens promulgated by provincial people’s governments, taking into account the charging levels of public kindergartens and inclusive private kindergartens as a whole, and taking into account factors such as the level of economic development, the affordability of the masses, the cost of running parks and the level of financial subsidies. All localities should speed up the formulation and implementation of financial subsidy standards for inclusive private kindergartens, implement public subsidies for private schools in the compulsory education stage, strengthen the regulation of charging standards, and resolutely prevent excessive fees. Private schools established before November 7, 2016 shall be managed as non-profit private schools before completing the relevant procedures for classified registration.

  (six) improve the school service charges and fees and other policies. In addition to completing the normal tasks of conservation, education and teaching, the school provides students with relevant convenient services needed for study and life, and organizes activities such as study tours, after-school services and social practice. For the part borne by students or their parents, service fees can be charged according to the principles of voluntariness and non-profit. If the relevant services are provided by institutions or individuals outside the school, the school may collect and pay the relevant fees. The specific policies on school service charges and agency charges shall be formulated by the provinces. Projects that have been explicitly prohibited by the state or explicitly stipulated by the financial guarantee shall not be included in service charges and fees on behalf of the school. Schools shall not set up service charges and fees on behalf of the school without authorization, and shall not obtain the difference in the fees collected. They shall not force or imply students and parents to buy designated teaching AIDS or materials, and shall not charge related fees by starting classes in advance or in disguised form. In-school student dormitories and off-campus student apartments organized by social forces are not allowed to provide relevant life services or bundle service charges with accommodation fees. The school’s self-operated canteen shall collect meals from students who voluntarily dine, and shall adhere to the principle of public welfare and shall not be for profit.

  (7) Improve the charging policy for overseas Chinese students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan studying in the mainland (the mainland of the motherland). For students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who study in the mainland (the mainland of China) and overseas Chinese students who study in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, the same charging policy as that for mainland students (the mainland of China) shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations; Admission to the mainland (the mainland) ordinary colleges and universities and research institutes, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the implementation of the same fees as the mainland (the mainland) students.

  (eight) improve the international student fee policy. For international students studying in public primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, the charging policies shall be formulated by the provinces. The school charging policy for children of foreigners shall be formulated by the school independently. The charging standard for self-funded international students in China accepted by colleges and universities is reasonably determined by the school according to the local economic and social development level and training cost, so as to avoid vicious competition. According to the agreement between the Chinese government and the sending country, the charging policy for students who come to China for education shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations.

  Third, improve the management system of education fees

  (nine) to establish and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of education fees. All localities should, in accordance with the prescribed management authority and the principle of territorial management, comprehensively consider factors such as the level of economic and social development, the cost of education and training, and the affordability of the masses, reasonably determine the charging standards for tuition fees (conservation and education fees) and accommodation fees of public schools, and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for charging standards that is compatible with the level of funding and funding. If there is any change in the school charging policy, it should be publicized to the public before the release of the enrollment brochure. Encourage all localities to adapt to the teaching organization mode under the flexible academic system and explore the implementation of credit system charge management in colleges and universities. In schools that have been approved to implement credit system fees, the total tuition fees paid by students who normally complete their studies according to the credit system training program shall not be higher than the total tuition fees for the implementation of the academic year system in principle, and other professional courses are added or re-courses are re-taken. Schools can charge fees according to the credit charging standards stipulated in the courses. Tuition and accommodation fees shall be charged according to the academic year or semester, and shall not be collected in advance across academic years (semesters). If students drop out of school, drop out of school, finish their studies early or transfer with approval, the school should reasonably determine the amount of refund according to the actual study time. All localities should fully implement the state’s various financial aid policies, help students with financial difficulties to solve practical problems, and must not affect their normal study and life because of the adjustment of tuition standards.

  (ten) to strengthen the education and training cost investigation. Timely revise and improve the Measures for the Supervision and Examination of Education and Training Costs in Colleges and Universities (Trial), and organize the supervision and examination of the annual average education and training costs in colleges and universities. In accordance with the pricing authority, according to the Price Law, the Measures for the Supervision and Examination of Price Costs Formulated by the Government, etc., combined with local conditions, all provinces actively carry out the investigation of education and training costs in kindergartens, ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools, and standardize the investigation behavior of education and training costs. Schools at all levels and of all types should strengthen cost accounting, and record and account the education and training costs completely and accurately.

  (eleven) standardize the hearing system of education fee decision. All localities should formulate or adjust tuition fees and other charging standards of various schools at all levels organized by the government in strict accordance with the authority and procedures prescribed by the state, include them in the catalogue of pricing hearings and conduct hearings, fully solicit opinions from relevant sectors of society, and ensure the democratic, scientific and transparent decision-making on education fees. If the standard of education fees is lowered, or the adjustment of the standard of education fees involves a small area, the hearing may adopt a summary procedure. To formulate other educational charging standards, and if necessary, a hearing can also be held.

  (twelve) strictly implement the publicity system of education fees. All localities should strictly implement the publicity system of education fees, and no fees shall be charged without publicity. All kinds of schools at all levels should establish and improve the standardized dynamic management system of charge publicity and take the initiative to accept social supervision. The charging items and standards should be publicized to students in a prominent position in the school, and indicated in the enrollment brochure and the admission notice. In the compulsory education stage, the charging standard of private schools should be publicized together with the subsidy of public funds per student obtained by schools. Students have the right to refuse to pay fees that should be publicized but not publicized according to the regulations, or fees that are inconsistent with the prescribed policies. When the charging policy changes, the school should update the publicity content in time to ensure that the publicity content is legal and effective. All localities should strictly implement the list of administrative fees such as education fees, and shall not increase the fees and expand the scope of fees without authorization.

  (thirteen) to strengthen the management of education fees. Tuition and accommodation fees of public ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools, tuition fees, accommodation fees, entrusted training fees of public institutions of higher learning, night and short-term training fees of Handu Radio and TV University, etc., as business income, are included in the financial special account management according to the requirements of "two lines of revenue and expenditure". Public kindergarten fee income management according to the existing regulations. Service fee income shall be charged by the school according to the regulations; On behalf of the school fee income all transferred to provide services units, shall not be included in the school income. Schools should incorporate all the income and expenditure of education fees into departmental budget management and increase the overall planning of funds; The expenses related to the arrangement of education fees shall be included in the standardized management of the project library according to the regulations. Combined with other income such as education fees, we will make overall arrangements for the budget of financial allocation to give better play to the efficiency of the use of financial funds. All localities shall not use the school fee income to balance the budget, and shall not occupy, intercept, transfer or misappropriate the school fee funds in any form. Private school fee income should be paid into the school bank account filed by the education administrative department for unified management, which is mainly used for education and teaching activities, improving school conditions and ensuring the treatment of faculty and staff, and drawing development funds according to relevant laws and regulations. When collecting administrative fees, schools should use the financial bills printed (supervised) by the financial department in accordance with the financial affiliation, use the corresponding tax invoices when collecting service fees, and use the fund settlement bills when collecting fees.

  Fourth, strengthen the governance of education fees

  (fourteen) the implementation of education fees supervision responsibility. Education fees adhere to the principle of "who approves and who is responsible". The member units of the joint conference on the control of arbitrary charges in education shall, according to their respective responsibilities, incorporate education charges into the catalogue management, adjust them dynamically in a timely manner and announce them to the public in a timely manner, and supervise the implementation of relevant charging items and charging standards according to law; Strengthen the cost investigation of education fees, and establish and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of fees; Strengthen the supervision and inspection of fees in the field of education, and investigate and deal with illegal fees according to law; Strengthen the price management of teaching materials and supplementary materials; Guide schools at all levels to implement the education charging policy and standardize the charging behavior. All kinds of schools at all levels should strictly implement the prescribed charging scope, charging items, charging standards and charging methods, and establish and improve the school charging management system.

  (fifteen) improve the management mechanism of education fees. All localities should attach great importance to the management of education fees, establish and improve the leadership system and working mechanism, and persist in systematically promoting the management of education fees. The member units of the joint meeting of the local governments to control unreasonable charges in education should make overall coordination, improve the mechanism of regular consultation and information release, form a work pattern of charge management with clear responsibilities, collaborative linkage and mutual promotion, and strengthen the governance of education charges in key areas. It is necessary to bring the management of education fees into the scope of education supervision. Explore the establishment of a special audit system for school fees, focus on strengthening the audit of non-profit private schools, and prohibit the organizers of non-profit private schools and non-profit Chinese-foreign cooperatively-run schools from obtaining income from school-running income such as tuition fees, distributing school-running balance (surplus property) or transferring school-running income through related transactions and related parties in various ways.

  (sixteen) to increase the investigation and punishment of illegal charges. All localities should strengthen the daily supervision and regular inspection of education fees, establish and improve the risk early warning of education fees, acceptance of letters and visits, supervision and supervision, public notification and interview mechanisms, and seriously deal with the problems of illegal fees found. Establish and improve the accountability mechanism, the main responsibility of charge management is not implemented, measures are not in place, damage the vital interests of the masses, resulting in adverse social impact of the units and related responsible persons should be seriously accountable. If the illegal charges of private schools have a bad influence, the enrollment plan and financial support funds will be deducted according to the law until the school license is revoked or revoked.

  (seventeen) to strengthen the basic capacity building of education fee management. Implement the "National Education System Financial Management Cadre Training Implementation Plan", organize and carry out education fee management training, and improve the ability and level of education fee management. All localities should make full use of modern information technology, explore the establishment of an annual statistical reporting system for education fees, strengthen the management of education fees, further strengthen service awareness, and improve service capacity and level.

  The management of educational fees in scientific research institutes and party schools at all levels shall be implemented with reference to this opinion, and the policies for the management of fees in institutions affiliated to education departments at all levels shall be formulated separately.