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It is a set of speed change device used to coordinate the rotational speed and the actual driving speed, which can expand the range of rotational speed and torque, thus making full use of the efficiency interval. Under this demand, the larger the speed range, the better the power and performance. However, simply increasing the speed range will increase the gear ratio gap of each gear, which is not only not conducive to power connection, but also will increase the sense of frustration when shifting gears, and multi-gear has also emerged.

Today, with more than seven gears, AT, DCT and CVT are in full bloom. But in the early years, many car companies chose in unison. So, which companies designed and manufactured these? What’s the difference between them?

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Representative models: cash,, the previous generation.

Although they are competitors, they are close. Both the new generation 9AT/10AT and the previous generation are jointly developed by the two companies. Among them, the grades of the previous generation were 6F35 series, 6F50 series and 6F55 series according to the transmitted power.

This can’t take care of both the quick shift response and the logic is very clear. In cash, its response is relatively rapid, especially in sports mode, and its response is more sensitive, but it will feel a slight setback when switching from first gear to second gear; But on the previous generation, this model performed very smoothly, but when stepping on the accelerator deeply, the reaction was a little hesitant.

Representative models: Angkor Sela, CX-4,

Although it is not the first group of Japanese car companies, it is really one of the best experiences in 500 thousand. This model is jointly developed by Aisin and produced by. Having said that, as well as the redesign of the locking mechanism, the control part is also calibrated separately, and the gear ratio, control unit and layout of the two are completely different. Only the CAN bus still retains the shadow of Aisin, so it can be said that these two models are different.

Many consumers who have driven Angkor Serra or other cars have said that these two models have a great driving experience. It not only responds quickly, but also seems to be quite excellent. Because all gears are locked, this model has high transmission efficiency, which is also a lower level in its class.

Ai Xin Jing Ji

Representative models:,, 5008,,, AX7, previous generation, cash RVA4, MINI COOPER.

Aisin believes that everyone is familiar with it. It is carried in many 100,000-200,000 domestic models and some joint venture models. This model can be recognized by so many enterprises because it has relatively low cost and first-class reliability.

After a few domestic brands with weak strength use this model, there will be a phenomenon of shifting gears in low gear; On most domestic cars, the performance of this Aisin is mainly smooth, and the response speed of downshifting is slightly slow; In the pursuit of maneuverability of small steel guns (such as MINI COOPER), its response speed is faster, but it will also sacrifice more.

I

Representative model: the previous model

Maybe everyone knows less about I. This is a company from Australia, focusing on and. It had a glorious history, but with the company’s production reduction in Australia and the company’s bankruptcy, I’s output plummeted by more than half and entered bankruptcy proceedings, and was subsequently acquired.

For the first time, it was produced with I. In fact, it was remarkable at that time, but the speed of downshifting was a bit urgent, and its transmission efficiency was less than 80%, so many consumers reflected higher performance than their peers. However, this model is mature in technology and technology, so its reliability is good, and its service life is as long as 250000km.

Paiwotai

Representative models:, cash,,

Paiwotai is a specialized subsidiary of Korea Group, and its technology is more advanced than I. At present, most of the models on the market are made by Pawotai, and many models in China are from Pawotai.

The mid-term change has been replaced with a brand new one. This model continues the old model, although it will not make the dynamic performance of the vehicle more radical, but it has also been reduced a lot due to the improvement of transmission efficiency. The 1.8T automatic transmission of the old model was about 10.5L, while the current model was reduced to 9.6L.

Dongan automobile power generation

Representative models:

Strictly speaking, there is only one enterprise that can produce in China, and it is Dongan Automobile Development (affiliated to Changan Group). The comprehensive performance developed by Dongan is almost the same as that of Aisin, and of course the price is similar. It is worth mentioning that Dongan’s is provided by SACHS, and the latter also provides supporting facilities for ZF.

Although Dong ‘an has good performance, its annual production capacity is only 200,000, so it can’t provide supporting facilities for CS55, CS75, and other models with huge sales volume. Therefore, at present, it is only carried on CS75 trial cars and other niche models. On the body, the biggest feature of this model is smoothness, and the shift logic also belongs to the excellent level of 100,000 domestic products.

Promotion Dates: 2021-02-04 to 2022-07-16

20 models of S450 four-wheel drive long axle, foreign original factory installation kit, Mercedes-Benz designated modification factory, Hephele, original parts. The product name is Hephele, and the Mercedes-Benz Maybach S450 adopts a light-colored design, which fully reflects the luxurious beauty of Mercedes-Benz, and the instrument panel is still a dazzling LCD design. Adopt a new Air-Balance air balance system, and provide agarwood perfume for this in-car fragrance component, making the car filled with the charming smell of agarwood. The exhaust pipe is still divided into double-sided and double-sided four-out, no matter which one fits the body better than the current S-class exhaust pipe.

[The consultation phone number is at the bottom of the article, please contact the dealer for details]

　

　HOFELE was born in Stuttgart, the center of the German automotive industry. It has been a company specializing in automotive design and customization for 33 years. It has the car production qualification certification of the German Ministry of Transport KBA, and HOFELE is also the official brand authorized partner of Mercedes-Benz. The innate business sense of machinery has given the Hofele family an advantage in entering the automotive field. In 1974, the Hofele brothers participated in several rallies, and their "HOFELE racing car" with unique body paint always became the focus of the paddock, which laid the foundation for the establishment of HOFELE-DESIGN in the future.

　The HOFELE logo replaces the original three-pronged logo, highlighting its unique custom identity. The specially designed blades and frames for the air intake grille and front bumper change the temperament of the front face of the vehicle. The upgraded B-pillar chrome trim, with silver Mythos multi-frame alloy wheels, makes the vehicle look more sparkling. A high-brightness and sturdy chrome trim runs through the entire rear of the car, and the words "HOFELE" are also engraved on it, ensuring that this HOFELE MAYBACH S450 4MATIC is unique from any angle of the body.

　Open the door, and the chrome-plated welcome pedal with lighting function first comes into view. The car is equipped with luxury configurations such as carefully debugged ambient lights, sunroof, massage seats, and high-end audio. Deep colors and luxurious interior style complement each other. It is worth mentioning that in the design of the seats, HOFELE MAYBACH S450 4MATIC front and rear two-color seats are made of comfortable leather with openings in the middle, and the top-quality Alcantara material is selected to make headrests and floor mats, so that passengers can get a perfect experience when they come into contact with the vehicle, showing their ingenuity. Through the interpretation of aesthetics and luxury style, the outstanding HOFELE luxury custom series has been created together.

The lower part of the new Mercedes-Maybach S450 bumper is decorated with more chrome-plated elements, highlighting its unusual status; the elegantly stretched arched roof contour creates a sense of space, showing a confident atmosphere. With the large wheelbase, the new generation of Mercedes-Maybach S 450 shows the dynamic and elegant temperament. The rear end design of the Mercedes-Maybach S450 is full of domineering and confident style, fully demonstrating the endless power and powerful dynamic performance of the Maybach S 450 sedan, no matter what high-tech drive system is equipped, it can be handled calmly.

Mercedes-Benz Maybach S450 is an ultra-luxury brand under Mercedes-Benz. It currently has a new generation Maybach S 450 4MATIC model for sale in China. The online car market obtained a set of new-generation Maybach S 560 4MATIC model information from the National MIIT. The new Mercedes-Benz Maybach S450 is equipped with a new 4.0T V8 twin-turbo engine, which far exceeds the 3.0T engine carried by the current Maybach S 450 4MATIC.

Maybach, the legendary name, was able to return again because of Mercedes and re-entered the market as a high-end luxury sub-brand of Mercedes-Benz. What remained unchanged was that it was still a top luxury sedan, representing the highest level of the world’s car manufacturing industry. Finally, the key was finally changed, and finally it didn’t have to be the same as the E-Class, C-Class, etc.

Rumors about Xu Jiayin finally settled. On the evening of September 28, China Evergrande issued an announcement saying that the company had received a notice from relevant departments that Xu Jiayin, the executive director and chairperson of the board of directors of the company, had been taken compulsory measures according to law for suspected illegal crimes.

On the morning of the same day, China Evergrande, Hengda Automobile, and Hengda Property, three Hengda companies, announced that the company’s shares had temporarily stopped trading at 9 a.m., and the three Hengda companies had resumed trading shortly thereafter.

The three companies collectively suspended their trading, which made the market speculate that something big might happen to Evergrande. Unexpectedly, the relevant rumors about Xu Jiayin’s situation came true.

Many industry insiders believe that, as the head of Evergrande, Xu Jiayin was forced to take measures, which will affect the progress of the workout.

China Evergrande announced that Xu Jiayin, the executive director and chairperson of the board of directors of the company, has been taken compulsory measures according to law on suspicion of illegal crimes. Photo/IC photo

Lawyers say this could be just the beginning

Since September 23, news of Xu Jiayin’s situation has been circulating in the public. On September 28, China Evergrande, Evergrande Automobile and Evergrande Property suspended trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, which caused many discussions.

Hengda did not respond to the reason why Xu Jiayin was taken coercive measures for suspected crimes.

Wang Yushen, director of Beijing Jinsheng Law Firm, analyzed that from the announcement, Xu Jiayin’s suspected crime has been "real" and coercive measures have been taken. This shows that the public security organs have relatively sufficient evidence of Xu Jiayin’s suspected crime, otherwise they will not take coercive measures against him.

Wang Yuchen further said that in the past, Hengda executives were investigated and now Xu Jiayin has been taken coercive measures, which all shows that Hengda has now entered a period of great crisis. Xu Jiayin’s coercive measures are probably just the beginning, and there may be a series of big moves in the future.

On the evening of September 16, the Nanshan Branch of Shenzhen Public Security Bureau announced that recently, the public security organs have taken criminal compulsory measures against Du and other suspected criminals of Evergrande Financial Wealth Management (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. If investors need to report the case, they can register the case.

It is understood that on August 31 this year, Hengda Wealth official Weibo announced that because the company’s asset disposal progress was less than expected and no asset disposal funds were obtained, the company was unable to carry out this month’s redemption, and subsequent redemption arrangements will be announced separately.

For the Xu Jiayin incident, in the opinion of Yan Yuejin, Chief Research Officer of E-House Research Institute, the announcement issued by Evergrande this time confirms the fact that Evergrande’s debt problem is not a simple financial and economic dispute, but involves a large financial default and illegal operation. From this perspective alone, the anti-corruption work of real estate enterprises began with the incident of Hengda’s accountability, and other real estate enterprises have no chance of getting lucky.

Evergrande workout or face variables

Xu Jiayin was forced to take measures, the ongoing Hengda workout, or face variables.

Zhang Hongwei, founder of Mirror Consulting, said that without a decision-maker, Evergrande’s workout is expected to be interrupted for a period of time, and things will be delayed. Relevant departments are expected to take measures soon, such as a large enterprise hosting Evergrande.

Wang Yuchen believes that Xu Jiayin’s coercive measures may affect Evergrande’s workout. After all, Xu Jiayin, as the chairperson of Evergrande’s board of directors, has a significant impact on Evergrande’s future direction and the future development of Evergrande.

In fact, before this, Hengda workout has seen bad news.

On September 24, China Evergrande issued an update on overseas workout information, saying that in view of the investigation of Evergrande Real Estate, the current situation cannot meet the eligibility for the issuance of new notes. This means that Evergrande’s workout may face variables.

The announcement shows that all new bills to be issued under the proposed restructuring must comply with the "Trial Measures for the Administration of Overseas Issuance of Securities and Listing of Domestic Enterprises" issued by the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the "Measures for the Administration of the Examination and Registration of Medium and Long-term Foreign Debt of Enterprises" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission according to their applicable circumstances. China Evergrande must prove that it meets the relevant requirements. In view of the above reasons, China Evergrande’s current situation cannot meet the eligibility for the issuance of new bills.

Previously on August 16, Hengda Real Estate announced in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange that it had received the "Notice of Filing" issued by the China Securities Supervision Commission, because the company was suspected of information disclosure violations, according to the "Securities Law of the People’s Republic of China" and the "Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China" and other laws and regulations, the China Securities Supervision Commission decided to file a case against Hengda Real Estate.

The issuance of new notes is an important part of China Evergrande’s workout plan. In the March workout plan this year, Evergrande Agreement Arrangement Plan 1 stated that the agreement arrangement creditors can obtain new notes at a conversion ratio of 1:1 of their recoverable amount. The new notes have a term of 10-12 years and will be repaid over time. Under Option 2, the agreement arrangement creditors can choose to convert their recoverable amount into: 5-9 years New Notes to be issued by the company.

In addition, under the Jingcheng Arrangement, creditors will receive five new notes issued by Jingcheng with a term of 4-8 years for a total principal amount of $6.50 billion. Under the Space-based Arrangement, creditors will receive four new notes issued by Space-based with a term of 5-8 years for a total principal amount of $800 million.

In addition to the blockage of new note issuance, China Evergrande’s overseas workout-related meetings have also been postponed again. According to China Evergrande’s announcement released on September 22, China Evergrande’s sales since March 22 this year have not been as expected. Based on the current situation of China Evergrande and its consultations with its advisors and creditors, China Evergrande believes that it is necessary to re-examine the terms of the proposed restructuring to match its objective situation and creditors’ demands. Therefore, the relevant agreement and arrangement meetings on the proposed restructuring originally scheduled for September 25 and September 26 will not be held. This is the third postponement.

The market is also concerned about whether Xu Jiayin’s coercive measures will affect "Baojiaolou"? Wang Yuchen said that Evergrande has many subsidiaries all over the country, and each company is relatively independent. Therefore, for buyers who bought Hengda houses but encountered unfinished business, as well as investors who invested in Evergrande, they need to pay close attention to the next direction of Evergrande, but do not worry too much. Now that the state has taken action, and the "Baojiaolou" involving so many ordinary people, there should eventually be a corresponding solution.

Duan Wenping, reporter of Beijing News

Editor, Yang Juanjuan, Proofreader, Yang Xuli

　　On the evening of the 21st, the second recording of "China’s New Song" "The Five Powerful Battle" took place, and Jay Chou’s "Strongest Team on the Surface" stood on the arena. The younger brother Fei Yuqing served as the mentor, which was also the first time that Jay Chou and Fei Yuqing had combined in a mainland variety show since their cooperation with "Thousand Miles Away" in 2006. The two will also recreate the classic golden songs of that year at the "New Song" recording site.

　　"Internet celebrity" Fei Yuqing: Music is lubricant, jokes are MSG

　　Fei Yuqing, wearing a khaki suit, appeared at the "New Songs" conference this afternoon as the mentor of Jay Chou’s "Strongest Team on the Surface". As soon as he appeared, he was good at lively atmosphere, and the conference was full of laughter. The mentor Jay praised again and again: "You are the Internet celebrity of that era!"

　　Following their collaboration with 2006’s hit "A Thousand Miles Away", the two dedicated their debut on a mainland variety show to "New Songs of China". Fei Yuqing said: "For the first time, I will dedicate it to’New Songs’, I will give classic cooperation, and I will dedicate it to New Songs". And Jay said that he "looks forward to my brother telling a lot of classic jokes in the show". Regarding the reporter’s request for "a live chorus song" at the press conference, Fei Yuqing subtly "declined": "Now the chorus is too dry, there is no music substrate, and there is a little bit of lubrication." In the face of the reporters’ laughter, he said innocently: "Where did you think? If there is music, there will be lubrication."

　　"The atmosphere of the fight between Wang Feng and his team was too serious, and it was all me telling jokes. When I went to my own team, I was afraid that I would be nervous, so I relied on my brother to tell a little’funny joke ‘to adjust the atmosphere." In this regard, Fei Yuqing said helplessly: "The joke is a little out of ammunition," "The joke can’t be too heavy, it can’t be too light; it’s too light, it’s boring, it’s too heavy… So there are really few jokes that can pass safely between these two boundaries and make everyone laugh happily." However, Fei Yuqing, the younger brother, is also "not stingy" about sharing his jokes: "I have set up a’radar ‘for everyone, and I often go to the website to search for jokes. As long as there is a suitable one, I will share it with everyone." "When I go to the bathroom later, I will think about it carefully.

　　The little brother’s on-site "testimonials" made Jay couldn’t help but tease him: "Internet celebrities are very popular now, and you are the Internet celebrity of that era!" Fei Yuqing, who was labeled "Internet celebrity", said: "Jokes make everyone happy, artists, bring some joy, don’t be so serious."

　　Jay "Daddy" is full of temperament and takes care of the students in every way

　　After a period of teaching and singing, the "strongest team on the surface" will determine the top five. Jay’s mentor, who had just been promoted to Daddy, took care of and helped the students in almost all aspects during the preparation of the battle, bringing the style of "Daddy".

　　As a creative talent, Jay added Super Mario to the arrangement of students last year to amaze many audiences. This year, Jay put his hand forward again and made adaptations of some classic old songs, especially Fei Yuqing’s classic songs, which made the little brother who had seen the rehearsal yesterday "a great blessing". Fei Yuqing said that "listening to some old songs may not feel the same as you young people listening to them", but Jay made some old songs "so new", and he "doesn’t sound conflicted at all". This is Jay’s "delicate place".

　　In addition to musical help, Jay took great care of the students’ lives. Previously, during the blind selection stage, the sister was worried that the student Bao Shiyu would join the Jay team, and Jay Chou would take her to play games all night, but Bao Shiyu still joined the "strongest team on the surface". In fact, not only did Jay not forget his promise, saying that he "kept his word" and asked for the student’s game account the night before the battle, but also considering the student’s preparation status, "Because I usually play games until very late in the morning, I don’t want the game last night to affect her game today." "I got her game account in the middle of the night last night, and we can play together after the competition today."

　　After the recording of this game, there will definitely be five students who will leave "New Song". Jay also thought a lot about them after being torn, "I don’t want them to feel eliminated and it’s over." During the rehearsal, Jay had already given each student a big gift bag including hats, clothes, etc. In today’s team battle, Jay carefully prepared another big gift for the students who are about to leave, including records and audio players. Jay smiled apologetically and said: "Because the students are going to be eliminated, I’m a little sorry, so I left a little thought for them to send gifts." When Fei Yuqing heard this, he said that he didn’t bring any gifts, "I’m really sorry". Mr. Jaylen said "the little brother can bring classic jokes".

1905 movie network news On September 18, the film released the promotional song "Like a Rainbow" MV. While showing the two young singers UNINE Xia Hanyu and Chen Xuening singing affectionately, the MV also exposed more thrilling new scenes in the film in which the mountaineers played by Wu Jing, Zhang Ziyi, Zhang Yi, Jing Boran, Hu Ge, etc. joined forces to fight storms and avalanches during the process of reaching the summit of Mount Everest, and erected "Chinese ladders". At the end of Wu Jing’s promise of "what I promised you, I will definitely be able to do it" is also very touching. The singers UNINE Xia Hanyu and Chen Xuening also expressed that they are very honored to write the "musical afterthought" for the film through their singing, hoping to inspire more young people to inherit the spirit of their predecessors and pay tribute to the immortal glory of heroes. The film will be released on National Day on September 30 and is now available for pre-sale nationwide.

Climbing Alliance Charge Encounters Danger, Wu Jing’s promise to climb the summit touches people’s hearts

Previously, the movie "Climber" promotional song "Ruhong" was launched, and on the day of release, it reached the first place in the music peak popularity ranking of an authoritative platform, as well as the first place in the Weekly Ranking of the same period of music peak popularity ranking. At the same time, it also received many hot comments from netizens: "UNINE Xia Hanyu and Chen Xuening’s two young singers’ affectionate interpretation of" Ruhong "makes people feel the power of emotion, and sings the friendship, love and family and national feelings that support the climbers to move forward bravely and climb Mount Everest." Another fan said: "’Like a Rainbow’ shows us not only the love of making a rainbow, but also the spirit of the climbers who are not afraid of difficulties and face difficulties is the pride of the people. It also makes me look forward to the story of the climbers in the film’measuring the height of the motherland with their footsteps’."

In the "Rainbow" MV released this time, it is also exposed that the mountaineers played by Wu Jing, Zhang Ziyi, Zhang Yi, Jing Boran, Hu Ge, etc. in the film, join hands to fight against storms and avalanches during the process of reaching the summit of Mount Everest, and jointly erect a new picture of "China Ladder". The promise of Wu Jing at the end, "What I promise you, I can definitely do it", is also extremely touching and tearful. Although the mountaineers in the film have different experiences and pasts, they gather together for the same goal of climbing Mount Everest and shoulder the national responsibility and mission of climbing Mount Everest together. The thrilling and shocking film images in the MV, together with the touching singing and lyrics of "Like a Rainbow", also make people feel as if they are in the story of the film, and feel the determination and belief of the climbing alliance to climb Mount Everest side by side.

UNINE Xia Hanyu Chen Xuening expresses her musical experience and pays tribute to every climber

For the collaboration to sing the promotional song "Rainbow" of the movie "Climber", UNINE Xia Hanyu and Chen Xuening, two excellent young singers, also expressed their great honor, and admitted that they hoped to convey the climbing spirit of the climbers in the film in the form of "music after reading" through their singing, and inspire more young people to inherit the spirit of their predecessors and continue to move forward bravely.

For the first collaboration between the two, UNINE Xia Hanyu said that this "Rainbow" is a "musical afterthought" they dedicated to the movie "Climber", and it is also a "dialogue" between them and the climbing heroes: "Even if there is a storm and blizzard on the climbing road, we will fearlessly go all out for our dreams and pay tribute to the climbing heroes." Chen Xuening also said with emotion: "I specially learned about the deeds of the climbing heroes before, and I admire them from the bottom of my heart." Rainbow "is like a soft bond that connects the present with the past, resulting in the glory of the immortal heroes."

The film "The Climber" is produced by Tsui Hark and Zeng Peishan, written and directed by Li Rengang, written by Alai, written by Wu Jing, Zhang Ziyi, Zhang Yi, Jing Boran, Hu Ge, Wang Jingchun, He Lin, Chen Long, Liu Xiaofeng, Quni Tsering, Lavan Rob, and Dobj. Jackie Chan starred in a friendship. The film will be released on the National Day file on September 30, and is now available for pre-sale nationwide.

1905 movie network news The Spring Festival box office war is in full swing. According to the data of Cat’s Eye Professional Edition, up to now, the total box office of the pre-sale of Spring Festival movies in 2021 has exceeded 450 million, and the single-day box office on the first day of New Year’s Day has reached 350 million.

Among them, after a year’s absence, the audience is looking forward to it, and the box office performance is also the most prominent. The total box office of film pre-sale has broken 300 million, which is far ahead on the list, opening the gap with other films.

The film, which was written and directed by ourselves, ranked second with a box office score of 63.47 million yuan. The film is based on a sketch of the same name. Li Huanying in the title is the late mother of Jia Ling. The film tells the story of actress Jia Xiaoling who goes back to the past through time and space and touches young parents and their dreams after experiencing the grief of "children want to raise but not stay with their relatives". It is a "family-friendly" comedy, which brings together comedians such as Jia Ling,, and so on. The plot is warm and healing, which makes people laugh with tears.

In addition, and two fantastic films are also very popular with the audience. Ranked third and fourth with 28.36 million and 15.77 million respectively. A Writer’s Odyssey is a visual blockbuster across the parallel world, directed by the director. "The Order to Serve the Gods" is adapted from the well-known game "The Master of Yin and Yang", and it is expected to cooperate with two friends in the same frame again.

In addition to the above four films, there are also crime comedy films starring,, and the animated film "The Wild Road with Bears" and, with various types for different audiences to choose from. Which film are you most looking forward to during the Spring Festival?

　　央视网消息：据教育部网站信息，日前，教育部等五部门印发《关于进一步加强和规范教育收费管理意见》的通知（简称《通知》），要求各地按照规定的管理权限全面落实教育收费管理主体责任，正确处理好政府与社会、受教育者的关系，正确处理好教育收费与财政拨款、学生资助的关系，正确处理好简政放权和放管结合、优化服务的关系，进一步完善教育收费政策体系、制度体系、监管体系，提升教育收费治理能力。

　　关于进一步加强和规范教育收费管理的意见

　　党中央、国务院历来高度重视教育收费管理工作，自全国治理教育乱收费部际联席会议制度建立以来，在各有关部门、地方各级政府的共同努力下，教育收费水平保持了基本稳定，教育乱收费现象得到了有效遏制。但随着经济社会的发展，教育收费管理工作在体制机制、政策执行、监督管理等方面仍然存在一些问题，与教育改革发展的需要和人民群众的期待仍然存在一定差距。为贯彻落实《中国教育现代化2035》《国务院办公厅关于进一步调整优化结构 提高教育经费使用效益的意见》等文件精神，进一步加强和规范教育收费管理，现提出以下意见。

　　一、总体要求

　　（一）指导思想

　　以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中全会精神，深入贯彻落实全国教育大会精神，始终坚持把教育事业摆在优先位置，主动适应教育、财税、价格等领域改革新要求，巩固完善以政府投入为主、多渠道筹集教育经费体制，逐步完善各级各类教育投入机制和非义务教育培养成本分担机制，建立健全教育收费政策体系、制度体系、监管体系，提升教育收费治理能力，持续巩固教育乱收费治理成果，促进教育公平而有质量的发展。

　　（二）基本原则

　　——坚持公益属性、分类管理。坚持教育的公益性，充分发挥政府对教育事业的主导作用。区分义务教育和非义务教育的不同阶段，区分非营利性和营利性民办教育的不同属性，正确处理政府与社会、受教育者之间的关系，合理分担教育培养成本。

　　——坚持分级审批、属地管理。教育领域行政事业性收费项目、标准实行中央和省两级审批，中央部门所属学校收费标准实行属地管理。各省、自治区、直辖市（以下简称各省）按照规定的管理权限，科学制定收费政策，加强收费项目管理，合理确定收费标准，全面落实教育收费管理主体责任。

　　— — Adhere to problem orientation, reform and innovation. Constantly improve the management system of education fees, improve the policy of education fees, strengthen the management of fees in key areas and key units, focus on solving the problems of fees system and mechanism that are incompatible with the reform and development of education, and focus on solving the problems of fees that are strongly reflected by the masses. Administer education in an all-round way according to law, adhere to administration and financial management according to law, strengthen supervision after the event, combine daily supervision with special supervision, and innovate the way of charging supervision.

　　Second, improve the education charging policy

　　(3) Adhere to the nine-year compulsory education system. Compulsory education is fully included in the scope of financial security, and public compulsory education schools do not charge tuition and miscellaneous fees. All localities should strictly implement the compulsory education law, consolidate and improve the funding guarantee mechanism for compulsory education in urban and rural areas, adhere to the nine-year compulsory education system, and prohibit arbitrarily expanding the implementation scope of the free education policy. The standard of exempting students from tuition and miscellaneous fees in private compulsory education schools is implemented according to the benchmark quota of public funds per student; For the part with insufficient per capita education and training cost, we should strictly implement the non-profit statutory requirements and reasonably determine the charging standard. It is strictly forbidden to collect donations linked to enrollment. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, schools or other social organizations that recruit students in the compulsory education stage to carry out professional training in literature, art and sports should not include tuition and fees that students are exempted from after completing the nine-year compulsory education course.

　　(four) adhere to the implementation of non compulsory education training cost sharing mechanism. Non-compulsory education implements the input mechanism of government investment, reasonable sharing by the educated and financing from other channels. According to the cost of running a school, the level of economic development and the financial situation, all provinces should implement and dynamically adjust the per capita financial allocation standard or the per capita public funding standard for public kindergartens, ordinary high schools, secondary vocational schools, higher vocational colleges and ordinary undergraduate colleges. Schools (including kindergartens, the same below) charge tuition fees (conservation education fees) to the educated according to a certain proportion of the annual average cost of education and training, and charge accommodation fees to boarding students in consideration of actual costs (excluding financial allocations). Students with financial difficulties in families enjoy the policy of reduction and exemption in accordance with relevant state regulations. All provinces should reasonably determine the proportion of tuition fees (conservation education fees) of public kindergartens, ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools to the annual average education and training costs in light of local conditions. At present, the proportion of tuition fees in public institutions of higher learning to the annual average cost of education and training should not exceed 25%, and all localities should reasonably determine it according to the level of economic and social development, training costs and people’s affordability.

　　Kindergartens run by the army that recruit children of local personnel and enjoy subsidies from the local people’s government shall be charged in accordance with the relevant provisions of public kindergartens; Those who do not enjoy subsidies shall be specifically formulated by the army in accordance with relevant state policies, and the charging standards shall be reasonably determined. The charging policies for Chinese-foreign cooperative education and part-time postgraduate education shall be formulated by the provinces.

　　(5) Adhere to the classified management of private education fees. According to the relevant provisions of the Law on the Promotion of Private Education, the specific measures for charging non-profit private schools shall be formulated by the provincial people’s government; The charging standards of for-profit private schools shall be regulated by the market and decided by the schools themselves. The charging standard of inclusive private kindergartens is determined reasonably according to the administrative measures for the identification of inclusive private kindergartens promulgated by provincial people’s governments, taking into account the charging levels of public kindergartens and inclusive private kindergartens as a whole, and taking into account factors such as the level of economic development, the affordability of the masses, the cost of running parks and the level of financial subsidies. All localities should speed up the formulation and implementation of financial subsidy standards for inclusive private kindergartens, implement public subsidies for private schools in the compulsory education stage, strengthen the regulation of charging standards, and resolutely prevent excessive fees. Private schools established before November 7, 2016 shall be managed as non-profit private schools before completing the relevant procedures for classified registration.

　　(six) improve the school service charges and fees and other policies. In addition to completing the normal tasks of conservation, education and teaching, the school provides students with relevant convenient services needed for study and life, and organizes activities such as study tours, after-school services and social practice. For the part borne by students or their parents, service fees can be charged according to the principles of voluntariness and non-profit. If the relevant services are provided by institutions or individuals outside the school, the school may collect and pay the relevant fees. The specific policies on school service charges and agency charges shall be formulated by the provinces. Projects that have been explicitly prohibited by the state or explicitly stipulated by the financial guarantee shall not be included in service charges and fees on behalf of the school. Schools shall not set up service charges and fees on behalf of the school without authorization, and shall not obtain the difference in the fees collected. They shall not force or imply students and parents to buy designated teaching AIDS or materials, and shall not charge related fees by starting classes in advance or in disguised form. In-school student dormitories and off-campus student apartments organized by social forces are not allowed to provide relevant life services or bundle service charges with accommodation fees. The school’s self-operated canteen shall collect meals from students who voluntarily dine, and shall adhere to the principle of public welfare and shall not be for profit.

　　(7) Improve the charging policy for overseas Chinese students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan studying in the mainland (the mainland of the motherland). For students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who study in the mainland (the mainland of China) and overseas Chinese students who study in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, the same charging policy as that for mainland students (the mainland of China) shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations; Admission to the mainland (the mainland) ordinary colleges and universities and research institutes, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the implementation of the same fees as the mainland (the mainland) students.

　　(eight) improve the international student fee policy. For international students studying in public primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, the charging policies shall be formulated by the provinces. The school charging policy for children of foreigners shall be formulated by the school independently. The charging standard for self-funded international students in China accepted by colleges and universities is reasonably determined by the school according to the local economic and social development level and training cost, so as to avoid vicious competition. According to the agreement between the Chinese government and the sending country, the charging policy for students who come to China for education shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　Third, improve the management system of education fees

　　(nine) to establish and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of education fees. All localities should, in accordance with the prescribed management authority and the principle of territorial management, comprehensively consider factors such as the level of economic and social development, the cost of education and training, and the affordability of the masses, reasonably determine the charging standards for tuition fees (conservation and education fees) and accommodation fees of public schools, and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for charging standards that is compatible with the level of funding and funding. If there is any change in the school charging policy, it should be publicized to the public before the release of the enrollment brochure. Encourage all localities to adapt to the teaching organization mode under the flexible academic system and explore the implementation of credit system charge management in colleges and universities. In schools that have been approved to implement credit system fees, the total tuition fees paid by students who normally complete their studies according to the credit system training program shall not be higher than the total tuition fees for the implementation of the academic year system in principle, and other professional courses are added or re-courses are re-taken. Schools can charge fees according to the credit charging standards stipulated in the courses. Tuition and accommodation fees shall be charged according to the academic year or semester, and shall not be collected in advance across academic years (semesters). If students drop out of school, drop out of school, finish their studies early or transfer with approval, the school should reasonably determine the amount of refund according to the actual study time. All localities should fully implement the state’s various financial aid policies, help students with financial difficulties to solve practical problems, and must not affect their normal study and life because of the adjustment of tuition standards.

　　(ten) to strengthen the education and training cost investigation. Timely revise and improve the Measures for the Supervision and Examination of Education and Training Costs in Colleges and Universities (Trial), and organize the supervision and examination of the annual average education and training costs in colleges and universities. In accordance with the pricing authority, according to the Price Law, the Measures for the Supervision and Examination of Price Costs Formulated by the Government, etc., combined with local conditions, all provinces actively carry out the investigation of education and training costs in kindergartens, ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools, and standardize the investigation behavior of education and training costs. Schools at all levels and of all types should strengthen cost accounting, and record and account the education and training costs completely and accurately.

　　(eleven) standardize the hearing system of education fee decision. All localities should formulate or adjust tuition fees and other charging standards of various schools at all levels organized by the government in strict accordance with the authority and procedures prescribed by the state, include them in the catalogue of pricing hearings and conduct hearings, fully solicit opinions from relevant sectors of society, and ensure the democratic, scientific and transparent decision-making on education fees. If the standard of education fees is lowered, or the adjustment of the standard of education fees involves a small area, the hearing may adopt a summary procedure. To formulate other educational charging standards, and if necessary, a hearing can also be held.

　　(twelve) strictly implement the publicity system of education fees. All localities should strictly implement the publicity system of education fees, and no fees shall be charged without publicity. All kinds of schools at all levels should establish and improve the standardized dynamic management system of charge publicity and take the initiative to accept social supervision. The charging items and standards should be publicized to students in a prominent position in the school, and indicated in the enrollment brochure and the admission notice. In the compulsory education stage, the charging standard of private schools should be publicized together with the subsidy of public funds per student obtained by schools. Students have the right to refuse to pay fees that should be publicized but not publicized according to the regulations, or fees that are inconsistent with the prescribed policies. When the charging policy changes, the school should update the publicity content in time to ensure that the publicity content is legal and effective. All localities should strictly implement the list of administrative fees such as education fees, and shall not increase the fees and expand the scope of fees without authorization.

　　(thirteen) to strengthen the management of education fees. Tuition and accommodation fees of public ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools, tuition fees, accommodation fees, entrusted training fees of public institutions of higher learning, night and short-term training fees of Handu Radio and TV University, etc., as business income, are included in the financial special account management according to the requirements of "two lines of revenue and expenditure". Public kindergarten fee income management according to the existing regulations. Service fee income shall be charged by the school according to the regulations; On behalf of the school fee income all transferred to provide services units, shall not be included in the school income. Schools should incorporate all the income and expenditure of education fees into departmental budget management and increase the overall planning of funds; The expenses related to the arrangement of education fees shall be included in the standardized management of the project library according to the regulations. Combined with other income such as education fees, we will make overall arrangements for the budget of financial allocation to give better play to the efficiency of the use of financial funds. All localities shall not use the school fee income to balance the budget, and shall not occupy, intercept, transfer or misappropriate the school fee funds in any form. Private school fee income should be paid into the school bank account filed by the education administrative department for unified management, which is mainly used for education and teaching activities, improving school conditions and ensuring the treatment of faculty and staff, and drawing development funds according to relevant laws and regulations. When collecting administrative fees, schools should use the financial bills printed (supervised) by the financial department in accordance with the financial affiliation, use the corresponding tax invoices when collecting service fees, and use the fund settlement bills when collecting fees.

　　Fourth, strengthen the governance of education fees

　　(fourteen) the implementation of education fees supervision responsibility. Education fees adhere to the principle of "who approves and who is responsible". The member units of the joint conference on the control of arbitrary charges in education shall, according to their respective responsibilities, incorporate education charges into the catalogue management, adjust them dynamically in a timely manner and announce them to the public in a timely manner, and supervise the implementation of relevant charging items and charging standards according to law; Strengthen the cost investigation of education fees, and establish and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of fees; Strengthen the supervision and inspection of fees in the field of education, and investigate and deal with illegal fees according to law; Strengthen the price management of teaching materials and supplementary materials; Guide schools at all levels to implement the education charging policy and standardize the charging behavior. All kinds of schools at all levels should strictly implement the prescribed charging scope, charging items, charging standards and charging methods, and establish and improve the school charging management system.

　　(fifteen) improve the management mechanism of education fees. All localities should attach great importance to the management of education fees, establish and improve the leadership system and working mechanism, and persist in systematically promoting the management of education fees. The member units of the joint meeting of the local governments to control unreasonable charges in education should make overall coordination, improve the mechanism of regular consultation and information release, form a work pattern of charge management with clear responsibilities, collaborative linkage and mutual promotion, and strengthen the governance of education charges in key areas. It is necessary to bring the management of education fees into the scope of education supervision. Explore the establishment of a special audit system for school fees, focus on strengthening the audit of non-profit private schools, and prohibit the organizers of non-profit private schools and non-profit Chinese-foreign cooperatively-run schools from obtaining income from school-running income such as tuition fees, distributing school-running balance (surplus property) or transferring school-running income through related transactions and related parties in various ways.

　　(sixteen) to increase the investigation and punishment of illegal charges. All localities should strengthen the daily supervision and regular inspection of education fees, establish and improve the risk early warning of education fees, acceptance of letters and visits, supervision and supervision, public notification and interview mechanisms, and seriously deal with the problems of illegal fees found. Establish and improve the accountability mechanism, the main responsibility of charge management is not implemented, measures are not in place, damage the vital interests of the masses, resulting in adverse social impact of the units and related responsible persons should be seriously accountable. If the illegal charges of private schools have a bad influence, the enrollment plan and financial support funds will be deducted according to the law until the school license is revoked or revoked.

　　(seventeen) to strengthen the basic capacity building of education fee management. Implement the "National Education System Financial Management Cadre Training Implementation Plan", organize and carry out education fee management training, and improve the ability and level of education fee management. All localities should make full use of modern information technology, explore the establishment of an annual statistical reporting system for education fees, strengthen the management of education fees, further strengthen service awareness, and improve service capacity and level.

　　The management of educational fees in scientific research institutes and party schools at all levels shall be implemented with reference to this opinion, and the policies for the management of fees in institutions affiliated to education departments at all levels shall be formulated separately.