标签： 阿拉上海后花园论坛

　　BEIJING, Beijing, June 8 (Shang Qi) This year marks the 40th anniversary of the resumption of the college entrance examination system in China. Since 1977, the college entrance examination has influenced and changed the fate of several generations of China people. The gross enrollment rate of higher education has exceeded 40% from less than 2% at first, and is rapidly approaching the 50% popularization index line. Behind the data, how has the college entrance examination influenced and changed China in the past 40 years? 40 years later, what expectations has the college entrance examination been given by this country?

　　The picture shows that in December, 1977, the candidates of the Beijing College Entrance Examination Center communicated with each other. Weng Naiqiang Photo source: vision china

　　the resumption of college entrance examination

　　— — China’s concept of talents is changing.

　　On October 12, 1977, the State Council approved the Opinions on the Enrollment of Colleges and Universities in 1977 formulated by the Ministry of Education, which stipulated the new enrollment policy of colleges and universities, namely, abolishing the recommendation system, resuming the cultural examination, and selecting the best students.

　　This year, the slogan of "respecting knowledge and talents" took root in China. Li Muzhou, director of the Institute of Higher Education of Hubei University School of Education, has studied the examination system in China for many years. In an interview with a reporter from Zhongxin. com (WeChat WeChat official account: cns2012), he said that at the national level, the resumption of the college entrance examination 40 years ago is to show that the country attaches importance to talents and reconstructs the concept of talents.

　　He explained, "the resumption of the college entrance examination has confirmed the basic role of cultural knowledge and intellectual factors in the selection of talents in colleges and universities. This is a major change in the concept of national talents, and it can also be said that it is the correct return of the concept of national talents."

　　Education in China experienced a "warm winter" in 1977. According to statistics, at the end of that year, about 5.7 million young people "returned" to the college entrance examination, and colleges and universities selected 273,000 students, which greatly improved the quality of freshmen.

　　Over the past 40 years, college students selected through the college entrance examination have gone to various fields in China in batches. They witnessed and participated in the whole process of reform and opening up, and gradually became the backbone to promote the development of this country.

　　Recently, Liu Haifeng, member of the National Education Advisory Committee and director of the Examination Research Center of Xiamen University, wrote that since the resumption of the college entrance examination for 40 years, millions of qualified students have been selected for colleges and universities through fair competition in the college entrance examination, and many of them have become the backbone of all walks of life through training. China’s rapid economic development in recent years is inseparable from the recovery and continuous reform of the college entrance examination system.

　　The picture shows a collector in Zhengzhou showing his collection of a 1988 college entrance examination admission ticket. Image source: vision china

　　40 years of practice

　　— — From elite education to mass education

　　"The college entrance examination has different meanings for people of different ages." Li Muzhou told Zhongxin.com that before the reform and opening up, the college entrance examination was largely about selecting national cadres. After the resumption of the college entrance examination, with the reform and opening up, the employment of college graduates gradually shifted from planned distribution to market competition, and more and more college graduates began to choose their own jobs.

　　As experts have said, in the past 40 years, with the changes in the country’s economic and social environment, the college entrance examination itself has also undergone changes. In 1999, the Ministry of Education issued the Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of the Entrance Examination System in Colleges and Universities, and announced the national college entrance examination reform plan, which opened the prelude to the college entrance examination reform in this period. Since then, self-enrollment, self-proposition by province, and parallel volunteer admission have been explored one after another, and the recruitment methods of colleges and universities in China are more diverse.

　　Also in 1999, higher education in China began to expand the enrollment scale, and the admission rate of college entrance examination also began to rise sharply. According to statistics, from 1998 to 2005, the number of applicants for college entrance examination in China increased by 11.58% annually, and the number of college entrance examinations increased by 23.75% annually. By 2015, the number of students enrolled in higher education in China has reached 37 million, ranking first in the world.

　　According to China Education Online’s 2017 Survey Report, under the background that the total enrollment of college entrance examination has remained stable, the enrollment ratio of college entrance examination in all parts of the country has continued to increase. Among them, the gross enrollment rate of higher education has crossed 40%, rapidly approaching the popularization index line of 50%.

　　Compared with the gross enrollment rate of 1.55% in 1978, some people think that higher education in China has gradually moved from "elite education" to "mass education".

　　Li Muzhou said that higher education will enter the stage of popularization in the future, and the improvement of the popularization rate is conducive to the overall improvement of national literacy. He believes that "the future lies not in whether you have attended a university, but in what university you have attended, and this influence may be even greater."

　　The picture shows that on July 7, 1999, on the first day of the national unified entrance examination for colleges and universities in China, the candidates who took the examination walked out of the examination room. China News Service reporter Liu Kegeng photo

　　Knowledge changes fate.

　　— — Social strata circulate in relative fairness.

　　From "elite education" to "mass education", behind the overall improvement of the popularization rate, the educational equity behind the college entrance examination has always attracted public attention.

　　Last year, Bian Yanjie, dean of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University and sociologist, presided over a report entitled "Career Opportunities for Rural College Students". According to media reports, all the target samples of the survey came from the existing labor force in the city and were divided into six groups: the first three received higher education, namely, urban college students, rural college students and non-transfer college students; The last three have not yet received higher education, including the general urban labor force, rural-to-non labor force and migrant workers.

　　According to the report, for college students from rural areas to urban areas, they have the same opportunities to work in party and government organs and state-owned enterprises, and they also have the same opportunities to engage in elite occupations, with similar economic income levels, while the three types of non-college students mainly engage in non-elite occupations.

　　Li Muzhou told the reporter of Zhongxin.com that the urbanization process in China is very fast, but the rural population still accounts for the vast majority. Therefore, the college entrance examination provides them with an important way to change their destiny through higher education.

　　The "Implementation Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Examination Enrollment System" issued in September 2014 clearly stated that the number of rural students attending key universities should be increased, and the national special plan for targeted enrollment in rural poverty-stricken areas should continue to be implemented, and key universities should target targeted enrollment in poverty-stricken areas.

　　The opinion also made it clear that subordinate universities and provincial key universities should arrange a certain proportion of places to recruit outstanding rural students from remote, poor and ethnic minority areas. In 2017, the number of rural students entering key universities in poverty-stricken areas increased significantly, forming a long-term mechanism to ensure rural students to attend key universities.

　　The picture shows the end of the first exam of the 2017 college entrance examination. Outside a test center in Nanning, Guangxi, parents snapped the candidates like "walking the red carpet". Yu Jing photo

　　Changes and Invariance of College Entrance Examination in the Future

　　— — Do you still believe in "one exam will fix you for life"?

　　In recent years, whenever there is a college entrance examination, there will be doubts about the disadvantages of the college entrance examination in public opinion, such as "a thousand troops crossing the wooden bridge", "one exam will set you for life" and "the baton of the college entrance examination".

　　As for the current examination enrollment system in China, the above-mentioned "Implementation Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Examination Enrollment System" also points out that the examination enrollment system in China is generally in line with the national conditions, authoritative and fair, and is recognized by the society. However, there are also some problems that are strongly reflected by the society. The main reason is that the score theory affects the all-round development of students, and the students’ learning burden is too heavy. There are gaps in enrollment opportunities between regions and urban and rural areas, and the phenomenon of cheating extra points and illegal enrollment occurs from time to time.

　　Nowadays, the scale of high school graduates studying abroad in China is increasing. It is pointed out by some voices that the growing number of students studying abroad also reflects from one side that parents and students in China are "voting with their feet" in the face of the college entrance examination.

　　"This will force the reform of the domestic college entrance examination system." Li Muzhou said that the foreign enrollment system has its advantages, such as multiple examinations, rich and flexible subject design, and relatively strong autonomy of colleges and universities … … These are problems that have not been completely solved in China’s college entrance examination system.

　　In fact, the practice of the college entrance examination in the past 40 years has not remained unchanged. Qu Zhenyuan, president of China Higher Education Society, pointed out to the media that in recent years, all aspects of college entrance examination enrollment have been reformed, including examination subjects, examination contents, examination times, examination methods, scoring methods, proposition methods, voluntary reporting methods, admission system, college entrance examination time, and charging system, and almost no aspect has not been tried or touched.

　　The latest changes have appeared in this year’s college entrance examination. These days, high school graduates in Shanghai and Zhejiang are welcoming the first "new college entrance examination". The results of the college entrance examination are composed of three unified college entrance examination scores of Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages, and three students’ self-selected examination subjects. The foreign language test is changed from once a year to twice a year, and you can choose a better score to be included in the total score of the college entrance examination.

　　Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at China Academy of Educational Sciences, said in an interview with Zhongxin.com that the reform of the college entrance examination enrollment system will be in a period of fluctuation in the coming period, and the key to the reform of the college entrance examination is to implement more professional evaluation.

　　He said, "The current examination system can achieve good results through a lot of training, and the actual test results are relatively distorted. As a professional education evaluation, the influence of intensive training on the test results should be eliminated as much as possible."

　　Li Muzhou hopes that through the reform of system design, the situation of "one exam will be fixed for life" will be changed.

　　"For example, let students have multiple exams and even multiple admissions opportunities, and further strengthen the separation of recruitment. Colleges and universities should study their own school-running orientation, formulate examination plans that meet their freshmen’s characteristics, and gradually break the people’s inherent understanding of the college entrance examination." He said.

　　Obviously, 40 years later, the college entrance examination still carries the heavy expectations of this country. (End)

Dalian soybean oil futures closed slightly lower, dragged down by the decline in the external market.

　　On February 4, Dalian soybean oil futures opened lower, fluctuated and rebounded in early trading, fell back in the afternoon and closed lower in late trading. The main contract shrinks, lightens the position and closes the Yang line.

　　On Thursday, February 4th, the main soybean oil futures contract Y1009 of Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) opened at 7,248 yuan/ton, and closed at 7,000 270 yuan/ton, down by 12 yuan/ton, with the highest price at 7,288 yuan/ton and the lowest price at 7,218 yuan/ton, with a turnover of 526,208 lots and a position of 674,000.

　　On Monday (February 1st), the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) soybean oil market closed slightly higher, mainly due to the strength of international crude oil futures. At the close, CBOT soybean oil rose by 0.04 to 0.06 cents, of which the March contract rose by 0.04 cents to close at 36.19 cents/pound; May contract rose 0.04 cents to close at 36.65 cents/pound; July contract rose 0.05 cents to close at 37.08 cents/pound. Analysts said that the international crude oil futures strengthened, the stock market rose and the dollar weakened, which supported the soybean oil price.

　　On Wednesday (February 3), the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) soybean oil market closed down, mainly due to the weakening of international crude oil futures. At the close, CBOT soybean oil contracts all fell by 0.57 cents, of which the March contract closed at 36.90 cents/pound; May contract closed at 37.36 cents/pound; The July contract closed at 37.80 cents/pound. Analysts said that the weakening of international crude oil futures, the strengthening of the US dollar, the collapse of soybeans in neighboring pools and the prospect of high soybean yield in South America have all had a negative impact on soybean oil prices.

　　Informa raised its forecast of soybean production in Brazil in 2009/10 to a record 66.5 million tons, 500,000 tons more than its January forecast. Argentina’s soybean production is predicted to be 54 million tons, an increase of 1 million tons compared with the January forecast. On February 4th, the cost of soybeans delivered by the United States in April 2010 to China port was 3,382 yuan/ton; The cost of soybeans delivered from South America in June 2010 to China port is 3,253 yuan/ton. On January 28th, the National Grain and Oil Information Center released the report "China Agricultural Products Market Trend Index" for the week ending January 27th. The demand trend index of China soybean oil market was 46.7, which was 4.1 lower than the index of 50.8 in the previous week, higher than the demand index of 45.0 in the same period of 2009, and fell for three consecutive weeks, which was below the neutral demand level of 50.

　　Analysts pointed out that the decline in the US soybean market put pressure on the domestic oil market. At present, the domestic oil supply is sufficient, and the price of edible vegetable oil has been lowered, so the futures rebound will face greater pressure. In addition, China Grain Reserve will sell the reserved soybeans in 2008, which will bring pressure to the domestic soybean market. In the short term, the domestic oil market will maintain a low consolidation trend.

　　Another analyst pointed out that the No.1 Document of the Central Committee pointed out that the policy of purchasing and storing oilseeds will continue to be adopted in due course, which will restrict the space for oil futures to fall.

　　Dalian palm oil futures rose and fell, and the external market fluctuated and rose.

　　On February 4th, Dalian palm oil futures opened lower, followed by bilateral shocks, and the trend was weak. At the end of the session, the main contract shrank and increased its position, closing a small negative star.

　　On Thursday, February 4th, the main contract 1009 of palm oil futures of Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) opened at 6,662 yuan/ton, with the highest at 6,694 yuan/ton and the lowest at 6,608 yuan/ton, and closed at 6,648 yuan/ton, down by 26 yuan/ton, with a turnover of 447,720 lots and a position of 289,572.

　　On February 4th, Malaysia’s BMD crude palm oil futures market fluctuated and rose at midday, due to the decline in output, inventory and strong demand. The benchmark April crude palm oil contract closed up by RM 4 to RM 2,502/ton. Citigroup raised its crude palm oil price forecast to $760-$800/ton, as demand growth may exceed supply.

　　Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture officials said that Indonesia hopes to reduce its tariff on palm oil in Pakistan to the same level as Malaysia to boost palm oil exports.

　　On February 4th, NYMEX crude oil futures consolidated in a narrow range around $77/barrel in Asian electronic trading on the 4th, after falling overnight, due to the report of the US Department of Energy, which showed that US crude oil inventories increased more than expected in recent weeks. According to the report of the U.S. Department of Energy, as of January 29th, the U.S. crude oil inventory increased by 2.32 million barrels, gasoline inventory decreased by 1.31 million barrels, and distillate inventory decreased by 948,000 barrels. At the same time, the capacity utilization rate of refineries was 77.7%, the lowest level since at least 1989. Analysts pointed out that the refinery capacity utilization rate is really low, which indicates that the demand for crude oil is not strong at present.

　　Analysts pointed out that NYMEX crude oil futures stopped rising on the 3 rd and BMD crude palm oil futures opened higher and went higher. Depressed by the strong dollar, the domestic oil futures price rebounded under pressure after opening lower on the 4 th. The expectation of high soybean yield in South America is an important reason for the correction of oil futures price. At present, the three major domestic oil contracts rebound near the golden section. In the context of inflation, the market is bullish. Analysts of Shihua Financial News believe that Malaysia’s palm export market has seen a substantial growth month-on-month, which is conducive to the trend of the external market. However, investors should not be too bearish on oil. It is expected that even palm oil will fluctuate and gain momentum, waiting for the external market to boost.

　　Another analyst said that in the medium and long term, the overall tight supply pattern of the oil market has not changed. The weather in the later period determines the yield and quality of soybeans in South America, the planting area of soybeans competing with other crops and other factors. It is expected that the competition for long and short oil will intensify in the later period. From the disk, even the palm oil range fluctuated and the MACD green column shortened, which is expected to test the support of the 5-day moving average in the near future.

　　Zhengzhou rapeseed oil futures closed slightly lower in international crude oil correction.

　　On February 4, Zhengzhou rapeseed oil futures opened higher, fluctuated between the 5 th and 10 th moving averages, and rose slightly in the late session. At the end of the session, the main contract positions all fell, closing the shadow line.

　　On Thursday, February 4th, Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (CZCE) opened the rapeseed oil futures contract 1009 with an opening price of 7,944 yuan/ton and a closing price of 7,916 yuan/ton, down by 20 yuan/ton, with a maximum of 7,944 yuan/ton and a minimum of 7,500 tons, with a turnover of 26,450 lots and a position of 59,630.

　　On February 3rd, ICE Canadian rapeseed futures closed down, driven by the selling of CBOT soybean and soybean oil futures. March contract closed down 3.20 Canadian dollars to 377.00 Canadian dollars/metric ton. According to industry insiders, the overnight rise of BMD palm oil and European sunflower seed futures pushed the morning trend of ICE rapeseed, but the afternoon buying was weak and the futures price would turn sharply.

　　India’s Khandelia Oil Company said that due to the weather and other factors, it is expected that India’s rapeseed production in 2010 may be higher than that predicted in January.

　　On February 4th, NYMEX crude oil futures consolidated in a narrow range around $77/barrel in Asian electronic trading on the 4th, after falling overnight, due to the report of the US Department of Energy, which showed that US crude oil inventories increased more than expected in recent weeks. According to the report of the U.S. Department of Energy, as of January 29th, the U.S. crude oil inventory increased by 2.32 million barrels, gasoline inventory decreased by 1.31 million barrels, and distillate inventory decreased by 948,000 barrels. At the same time, the capacity utilization rate of refineries was 77.7%, the lowest level since at least 1989. Analysts pointed out that the refinery capacity utilization rate is really low, which indicates that the demand for crude oil is not strong at present.

　　Analysts pointed out that NYMEX crude oil futures stopped rising on the 3 rd and ICE Canadian rapeseed futures closed down. Depressed by the strong dollar, the domestic oil futures price rebounded under pressure after opening lower on the 4 th. The expectation of high soybean yield in South America is an important reason for the correction of oil futures price. At present, the three major domestic oil contracts rebound near the golden section. However, in the context of inflation, the market sentiment is not diminished. Analysts of Shihua Financial News believe that the early decline of Zheng Caiyou was mainly dragged down by the commodity market, and the introduction of policies such as the No.1 Document of the Central Committee constituted a positive trend. It is expected that under the support of the spot, Zheng Caiyou may continue to be under pressure in the short term.

　　Another analyst said that from the current situation of the oil market, the demand for oil before the Spring Festival is limited. From the disk, Zheng Caiyou is still in the double-top downward channel, and the possibility of further decline is not ruled out.

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Text/Nuocheng Game Method, Zhu Junchao, Chen Jie

01

"Love and Deep Space" posted a reply.

Rap Circle and B You Circle Spark Controversies

On August 26, singer Peckert released a rap video, the content of which was taken from the game "Love and Deep Space". The lyrics "diss" the Otome game, which mentions "all edging and greasy, let children who are not adults play adult games". Peckert said in the release of the song that the song is only for minors who play the game and the age review system of some unscrupulous manufacturers.

That night, the official Weibo of the "Love and Deep Space" game issued a statement, claiming: "The forensic work has been completed, and the infringement and insulting behavior of Parker, whether it is the game itself, the game characters or the players, will not be tolerated or accepted, and will be pursued to the end. See you in court."

Nuocheng comments:

When insulting or defamatory content is published against a game, the game company may take the following measures to safeguard its reputation.

First of all, game companies can choose to protect their rights through litigation, or choose non-litigation channels such as complaining to the information release platform, reporting to the Cyberspace Administration of China, and sending a letter to the infringer.

Secondly, if the company wants to take litigation measures to protect its rights, it should promptly fix the account information of the infringer, the infringing content and its release time, broadcast volume, number of comments, number of forwards, etc., as well as the messages and feedback from netizens, in order to prove the existence, scope and severity of the infringement.

Furthermore, after the infringement is discovered, a statement should be issued as soon as possible to indicate the company’s position and attitude. This can not only stop the further spread of the infringement in a timely manner, but also convey the company’s determination to safeguard its own rights and interests to the infringers and players, reduce the adverse effects caused by the infringement, and appease the players’ emotions.

Finally, sort out the corresponding evidence and file a lawsuit with the court in a timely manner to safeguard their own rights and interests. In addition, by sending letters and other means, the information release platform can be required to disclose the real-name information corresponding to the infringer’s account, so that the game company can grasp the party information required for prosecution.

02

Jay Chou loses the lawsuit: game lottery to give away albums

Does not constitute unfair competition

Recently, Jay Chou and Jewell Music Co., Ltd. sued Guangzhou NetEase Computer Systems Co., Ltd. and other related entities (hereinafter referred to as "NetEase") in the case of 2nd-round Moderation, upholding the original judgment of the first instance.

The case originated because in July 2022, Jay Chou released his new album "The Greatest Work" after a lapse of six years, and NetEase’s "World 3" game gave Jay Chou digital albums and concert tickets in a lottery on Weibo. Jay Chou and Jewell Music Co., Ltd. sued NetEase for unfair competition.

In December 2023, the court ruled in favor of NetEase and rejected all claims including Jewell’s 2.05 million yuan claim.

The court of first instance held that:

1. "World 3" forwards the lottery to give Jay Chou’s digital album and other activities through Weibo, which is a conventional non-profit publicity method and will not mislead the public into thinking that Jay Chou has an endorsement relationship with him;

2. Making elements of Jay Chou’s new album as game props is essentially used as a redemption certificate and restricts the participation of old players. It does not have the nature of attracting new traffic and making profits, and does not constitute unfair competition.

3. The use of Jay Chou’s name in the lottery Weibo is a fair use to indicate the source of the prize, and there is no evidence to show that it caused harm to the plaintiff. The court held that the public had sufficient judgment to distinguish such interactive marketing activities from endorsement, so the behavior of "World 3" did not constitute unfair competition.

First of all, game companies can enhance the appeal of the event by mentioning giving away celebrity albums and extracting concert tickets in user feedback activities, but they need to ensure that the content of the prize promotion is clear and does not mislead the public.

For example, in this case, "World 3" made it clear that the prize was Jay Chou’s new album, rather than making the public mistake Jay Chou for its product spokesperson.

Secondly, when designing promotional activities, it is necessary to pay attention to the purpose and nature of the activities, especially when it comes to the use of third-party intellectual property or celebrity rights, and ensure that the activities are not designed to improperly use the goodwill or influence of others to attract new users and increase profits, but only as a welfare measure to reward existing users.

For example, the risk of unfair competition can be reduced by limiting the conditions for player participation, such as in this case limiting the participation of veteran players above level 20.

03

Sword Art Online: Swordsman in Black,

The game company was ordered to compensate players for their losses

Recently, the Beijing Internet Court has announced ten typical cases of service protection and new quality productivity, including an infringement dispute caused by the outage of online games.

The plaintiff, Cheng XX, a player of "Sword Art Online: Swordsman in Black", has two accounts for the game and has accumulated a recharge of nearly 430,000 yuan. In October 2019, the game operator issued a game outage announcement and said that it would transfer 5% of the total historical recharge of gamers to other games as compensation.

Subsequently, Cheng Moumou sued the operator to the court for economic losses and mental damages. The defendant argued that it was not at fault for suspending the game, and had compensated the players and was not liable for infringement.

After trial, the court held that virtual property such as currency and props in the game were protected by law. The defendant unilaterally stopped the game and disposed of the player’s virtual property without the consent of the player, resulting in the loss of the player’s property. He was subjectively at fault and should bear tort liability.

However, since the game virtual property involved in the case was not an item of special personal significance for the plaintiff, and the plaintiff did not suffer serious mental damage, the court rejected his claim for compensation for mental damage.

Finally, the court decided that the defendant should compensate the plaintiff about 36,000 yuan and interest according to the way to obtain the virtual property of the game and the remaining assets in the account when the game was suspended.

This case not only makes it clear that when there is no special provision in law, the tort liability of online virtual property should also apply the principle of fault liability; at the same time, it also further refines the compensation standard for infringement of online game virtual property, providing reference for the handling of similar cases.

Specifically, according to the method of acquisition and usage, online virtual property can be divided into two categories:

The first category is recharge virtual property, that is, the unused game currency and game items that the player directly obtains or exchanges after recharging through legal tender. For such virtual property, since the player has not yet enjoyed the rewards brought by the property when he suffered a loss, the game operator is obliged to return the RMB amount corresponding to the remaining virtual property.

The second category is non-recharge virtual property, that is, virtual property obtained by players during the game, such as task rewards, level drops, etc. For such virtual property, the compensation amount for the loss of virtual property should be determined as appropriate, taking into account factors such as the source and difficulty of obtaining the property, the fun generated by players in consumption, and the length of time they enjoy services.

Game grape recruitment content editor,

@ Guizhou Fire Release Bulletin: At 21: 49 on January 30, the Yunyan District Fire Rescue Brigade of Guiyang City received an alarm from the masses that a fire broke out in a resident’s home on the 14th floor, Unit 2, Building No.1, Dongshan. At 21: 50, the fire rescue forces immediately dispatched. At 22: 25, the fighting ended. A trapped person was rescued at the scene and immediately sent to hospital for treatment. After full rescue, he died. After preliminary investigation, the cause of the fire was fireworks and firecrackers, and sparks splashed into the room to ignite sundries. During the rescue, it was found that the fire hydrant could not be used normally due to the lack of hose interface.