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[Editor’s note]2021 is the 170th anniversary of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom jintian uprising. The Paper Liu Chen, assistant professor of the Department of Private History and Peking University History, invited scholars at home and abroad to write a series of manuscripts to introduce readers to the new direction and achievements of the research on Taishi, hoping to help related research.

In the Zhejiang occupied area in the late Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, there were several local resistance forces led by civilians, the most famous of which were Bao Lishen Tuan Yong, Shen Zhangda Tuan Yong and the bandit troops of Gaitianwang, all of which were over 10,000 people. Generally speaking, the occurrence of these three large-scale mass mutinies is inevitable under the rule mode of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom tribute system in Zhejiang province [that is, collecting tribute from the people and the Taiping Army’s "pioneering" (plundering) and "sending large donations". According to the theory of class analysis, the above three forces are all "reactionary landlords’ regimentation", but in fact, unlike ordinary vigilante groups, they have no direct organizational connection with the Qing government; The main body of its leaders and participants are civilians, which can intuitively reflect the opinions and demands of ordinary people; Moreover, some political hostility consciousness is not obvious in the initial stage. Therefore, through the observation of these three civilian-led events against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, we may reveal the true face of the opposition between the people and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Jinhua, Zhejiang, the former site of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s Shi Wangfu

Bao Lishen and the "White-headed Army"

Bao Lishen, also known as "Li Sheng" and "Li Sheng" in historical materials, lived in Bao Village, Zhuji, Zhejiang Province for more than 20 years. He was illiterate. In the notes of scholars at that time and later, unofficial history recorded that he was a farmer, a farmer, a villager, a village tyrant and a family farmer. Not only farming, but also engaged in business. It is recorded that he "tasted selling lime from shoulder to shoulder", which shows that he is probably a yeoman. Bao Lishen’s family background is also not prominent. A family of 17 are all working in rural areas. Among the relatives, Feng Yangshan, a cousin, is only a petty official who has not entered the class. Therefore, it can basically be concluded that Bao Lishen and his family belong to the civilian class.

But he is a "special person" among ordinary farmers, or can be called a "civilian elite". Bao Lishen probably systematically studied some popular witchcraft among the people, and most historical materials think that he once studied daoist magic’s technique. It is not new to use witchcraft to organize the people. The uniqueness of Bao Lishen’s uprising lies in "controlling evil with evil", and he turned the spearhead of his struggle to the Taiping Army, which also started with "witchcraft" and "heresy". It shows that it has certain ability and strategy. Moreover, Bao Lishen has political ambitions. He claims to be "the leader", and his proclamations are all written in Jia Zi, not in the official lunar calendar of the Qing Dynasty, which is deliberately different from the Yong ying organized by Feng Za. Bao Lishen has also received the support of some small and medium-sized intellectuals, such as Zhu Zhilin, Yu Guanying, Fu Guantao and Shen Fangyi, all of whom are gentry. However, these literati are only driven, and most of them are "weak writers", and a few of them are counsellors and military aircraft, and only Bao Lishen is in charge of the overall situation and forbids it. Baocun’s armed forces are private armed groups with Bao’s family as their headquarters, and even the bureau responsible for military equipment is located in Bao Shangjie’s close friend’s home. Therefore, the leading position of "civilian elite" Bao Lishen is unshakable.

In the 11th year of Xianfeng (1861), in September, the Taiping Army defeated Shaoxing and Zhuji, and Bao Lishen used the "witchcraft" as an excuse to swear, claiming to be a descendant of the "White Crane Real Person" and founding the "Whitehead Army", which fought dozens of battles with the Taiping Army. People in neighboring counties have cast their families. In May of the first year of Tongzhi (1862), Li Shixian, Dai Wang Huang Chengzhong, Ti Wang Lian Ye Kun, the first king Fan Ruzeng and Lai Wang Lu Shunde led more than 100,000 Taiping troops to encircle Baocun again, cutting off its water and route for providing foodstuff. On the first day of July, the Taiping Army came out of the tunnel, wiped out Bao Village, and Bao Li died. According to Jiang Yili, then the governor of nursing Zhejiang, there were "14,777 deaths" after Baocun was attacked by Taiping Army. Chiang Kai-shek only refers to the number of deaths in Baocun. Because the war has been delayed for nearly a year, every time there is a war, the dead must be buried; Bao Lishen often led troops to attack, and many people died in other places; Coupled with the deaths caused by non-war factors (such as hunger and thirst, epidemic disease, suicide, etc.), and considering the environmental carrying capacity of Baocun, it is reasonable to have a total of "tens of thousands" people killed. Taiping Army also suffered heavy losses.

As for the cause of Bao Lishen’s uprising, it can be analyzed from two surviving essays. These two essays are programmatic documents of Bao’s resistance to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

The first article is Bao Lishen’s campaign against Guangdong bandits. This essay was kept in the "A Brief Account of Yi Min Bao’s Establishment" compiled by Bao Zuqing in Shanyin, and it was signed "Written by Wang Xiaotie in Hangzhou". Its formation time was between the end of the eleventh year of Xianfeng and the beginning of Tongzhi Yuan, which revealed the main reasons for Bao Lishen’s uprising: First, the Taiping Army’s military discipline was corrupted; Second, the Taiping Army exterminated culture and trampled on customs.

The second article is "Dong ‘an Rebel Commander Bao Helped to Tell Qi Xin to Kill a Thief", which is included in Feng’s Huaxi Diary and Shen Zi’s Avoidance Diary in Haining. The formation time of this essay may be a little later than the first one, about shortly before March of the first year of Tongzhi. At this time, the people of Baocun had fought several large-scale battles with the Taiping Army, and both sides suffered casualties. It is inevitable that there are inaccuracies in the rhetoric of a campaign, and such absolute accusations as "regardless", "regardless", "all are", "everywhere" and "do everything" may be exaggerated. For example, the phenomenon of captive soldiers in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom runs through all the time, which is really the harm of the early universal conscription system. However, in principle, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom pursues the conscription system, which is implemented in various places to varying degrees. Therefore, the term "regardless of industrial and commercial farmers, they are taken captive as soldiers" in a campaign is exaggerated. This essay announced the twelve major crimes of Taiping Army: 1. Inciting cults; 2. Indiscriminate killing of innocent people; 3. Adultery of women; 4. Sogon looting; 5. burning houses; 6. wanton abduction of soldiers; 7. Imposition and extortion; 8. cruel punishment law; 9. Extinction of culture; 10. overstepping the name; 11. Destroy Zhongliang; 12. trample on customs. The twelve major crimes can be divided into three aspects: first, the accusation of Taiping Army’s military discipline corruption (sins 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6); The second is the accusation against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s economic policy (sin 7); The third is the accusation against the social transformation of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (sins 9 and 12). This shows that the main cause of Bao’s uprising lies in the military discipline of Taiping Army and the social, economic and political strategy of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.The remaining charges of inciting cults, cruel punishment, overstepping the name, and harming loyalty (Sins 1, 8, 10 and 11) are hostile to heresy from an orthodox standpoint, which should be the result of Bao Lishen’s intellectuals’ embellishment of the essay.

In terms of content, both essays emphasize that nature is an important reason for Bao Lishen’s trouble-the Taiping Army’s military discipline is corrupted and the customs are destroyed, while the second one emphasizes the economic factors that are almost completely omitted in the first one, which may be the most important thing for Bao Lishen, who is an ordinary peasant. In Bao Lishen’s second essay, there is a long paragraph accusing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of the heavy taxes and fees. Therefore, the peasant resistance movement, which is the largest, the longest lasting and the fiercest struggle in the occupied area of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, has comprehensive inducing factors, among which the root of the people’s resistance lies in the social panic caused by the social and economic bad behaviors that have been or may occur in Taiping Army, such as exorbitant taxes, corrupt military discipline and destruction of customs. At that time, although the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom occupied Shaoxing Fucheng and Zhuji County, it did not actually complete the political construction work for the vast rural areas, and most of the social and economic politics were not carried out in Baocun and its nearby areas. The opposition among the people in Baocun mainly originated from panic rather than practical feelings.

To resist tyranny.

Shen Zhangda, the only one in all kinds of historical materials named Huaxi Diary as "Shen Changda", was a vegetable farmer from Ganpu Town, Haiyan County, Jiaxing, who was "gardening for a living" and his family was "destitute". He was 61 years old when he started. Guangxu’s Haiyan County Records recorded its name in the list of Martyrs’ Gentlemen and Soldiers’ Surnames, and specially marked its identity as a "civilian" to show that it really belongs to the civilian class. On May 11th, the 11th year of Xianfeng, Shen Zhangda gathered more than a thousand villagers to the Ganpu Township Official Bureau to question the township official Yao Chengchu. Just when hundreds of villagers in Huangwan also complained, they jointly demolished the bureau house, bound Yao Chengchu and arrested the township official along the way. By May 13th, more than 10,000 rebel teams had gathered, and they cooperated with the Qing army to attack Tongyuan and Yucheng in Haiyan, and returned in defeat. On the 18th, the Taiping Army plundered Ganpu and claimed the first thing. On the 26th, Shen Sui stepped forward and was captured and killed.

The causes of Shen Zhang’s uprising are recorded in Huaxi Diary, which can be roughly divided into four categories: 1. Le Gong. In March of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, the Taiping Army took two grams of sea salt, which was adhered to according to the city. "In May, the thief Le Gong gradually crossed, and Tong Yuan Huang set up a trap from the thief, and paid more than 10,000 yuan in tribute to the seven maps, which was not enough for the people. Haiyan county nuclear office thirty-two thousand, to the seventh day of April, and add fifteen thousand, and want to levy silver, every two or seven discount two thousand and fifty ". 2. Taxation. At the beginning of May of the same year, "I wanted to divide the house numbers, write the number of people, and each card was B yuan and 40 cents, and each person was required to levy 20 articles a day, 100 per kitchen day, and 50 per kitchen." We can see that there are three names: house number fee, per capita tax and kitchen donation. 3. Collect rent after grain. On the ninth day of May, the Taiping Army authorities threatened with guns and boats that "after Tian Yin was chased, the scholars were afraid of the tiger’s potential, and they all lost all their money, and they still issued it as a series of tickets in Xianfeng for ten years, and by the eleventh, they had more than a thousand yuan", and "occasionally some owners took advantage of the situation to collect rent". 4. The township officials are greedy and cool. "chayuan Chen Yuchun … secretly gave directions to do tribute, claiming that he could deceive the public, and from the time of collecting silver, he occupied the bureau with Wang Zhuchuan, a traitor", "Gui Yingshan was also a thief, and first set up the silver bureau in his house, named Liu Quan Pavilion", "Five people visited the rich, and the letter was Shi Shuai, and the house number was set up ……. so the road was fat. If Xu Tu can collect fees item by item, the people may be able to cope, but the deterioration of the situation lies in "the ninth day of May,Unexpectedly, the doorplate, the kitchen expenses and the bank of Waizhuangtian were all launched, starting from the tenth day, without delay. Occasionally, the owners took advantage of the situation to collect rent, and they also threatened to chase it very tightly with guns and boats. "The people had nothing to accuse" and the people were already overwhelmed.

The reasons for the farmers’ resistance in Haiyan can be summarized as the harsh economic policies of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the greed of township officials’ politics. Different from Bao Lishen’s uprising, the root of Shen Zhangda’s uprising lies in the people’s real feelings about the social, economic and political strategy of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Among the above two points, the people hate the excessive collection of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom even more; Although the politics of township officials is greedy and cool, it can promote the chaos, but their actions are also the embodiment of implementing the economic policy of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Four aspects of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s economic policy-paying tribute, taxation, paying off grain and collecting rent, in which paying tribute is the key to the antagonistic behavior of Haiyan people. Guangxu’s Haiyan County Records states that "from time to time, the thief’s first name, Kwai Tian Yu, came to the city to secure the public, called on the officials and people, and ordered the county to send high officials to invite people to do things, so sophistry would not disturb the place. A few days later, the four townships were ordered to contribute, and there was no empty day to chase. Zhang thief forced a huge sum of money to Nanxiang, and the women learned to take off their hairpin, and the scholars all hated it. " Grain and rent collection were not the main factors that triggered the revolt of Haiyan farmers. Although Haiyan authorities tried to restore the traditional social and economic order in the spring and winter of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, due to the constraints of subjective and objective environment, the collection of land tax in Haiyan area was not fully launched until December of the first year of Tongzhi, but the implementation was not good, and the traditional social and economic order failed to become the mainstream of the administration of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In April and May of the eleventh year of Xianfeng on the eve of the Shenzhang uprising, the official land tax and rent policy of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom had not been officially promulgated, and the collection work had not been fully launched.

The main cause of the Shenzhang incident was that the people could not bear the economic burden of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In all kinds of economic burdens, Le Gong of Taiping Army is the main aspect, and people’s resentment is boiling, which is aroused by Shen Zhang’s great enthusiasm and eventually leads to drastic changes.

"King Gai" who is troubled by "salt" and "food"

The uprising of "Gai Tianwang" was also forced by the participants’ real life. In August of the second year of Tongzhi (1863), Yan Xiao and Chen San gathered to revolt. "Gai Tianwang" is not the code name of the leader, but the spiritual symbol of the uprising team. The rioters gathered at the Three Temples in Huangwan, Haining, and pushed the three gods in the temple to be kings. "The so-called Gai Tianwang is also the Emperor Wu of the Yuan Dynasty in the temple." By September, there was a rumor among the people that "Gai Tianwang" was recruited by the Qing army in Shaoxing. The authorities in Jiaxing and Haining of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom arrested the troublemakers, but the results were not great. In October, the hungry people gathered more and more. "The hungry people were recruited, and the investors did not count, totaling more than 10,000." The Taiping Army "was also afraid of the situation and dared not move." Until the end of the rule of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, this local force, which is mainly composed of hungry people, has not been completely dispersed.

The team of "Gai Tianwang" is often called "bandits", but they have obvious political demands like Yong Ying, such as "flagging openly" and "uprising in the temple". The targets of the struggle are directed at the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom government and the Taiping Army, looting local banks, appraising villages, mountain products banks, etc., as well as township lawsuits, centurions’ homes, and even delivering documents to Zhejiang general He Xinyi to borrow food. Why are you afraid of it? On the 10th day of November, the second year of Tongzhi, the leader, Chen Sanyatou, led more than 1,000 people to fight with the Taiping Army in Huaxi towns, killing more than 30 people of the Taiping Army all the way, burning the cards at the city’s tip, burning the township official bureau, and attacking the Taiping Army camp at Zhuziqiao and Hualongqiao. Therefore, the team of "Gai Tianwang" is by no means a general bandit who robs houses and houses, and can be regarded as a "vigilante" and "uprising".

The "Gai Tianwang" incident is a typical case in which farmers in the occupied areas of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom rose up and rebelled because of famine and hunger. In December of the second year of Tongzhi, the Tongxiang authorities of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom arrested three "Gaidang", and after being interrogated by the military commander Yao Futang, they recorded the following confession: "I was hungry and cold, so I planned to rob. ….. I wait for righteousness, so the robbery is selfless. If we are hungry, we will die. If we die, we will fight to kill. If the root cause is investigated, then the gods can’t get it; If you punish the party and the party, it will be everywhere, not less than tens of thousands of people, and you can’t win. " It’s hard to imagine that this generous statement of "people fear not death is afraid of death" came from bandits who were characterized as "rebellious" by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom government, but their background of starving people and their motivation to stand up for survival actually added some justice to this incident.

The formation of the hungry people is that the land can’t be cultivated because of the backward flow of seawater into the inland. "After the seawall falls, the brine in the paddy field can’t be planted, and the residents no longer eat grain. Because of the robbery, the number of people attached to it is increasing." The unemployment of salt vendors was attributed to the implementation of the public monopoly system of salt by the Taiping Army authorities, which led to the salt vendors’ no profit, so they made a living by looting. Salt monopoly system has existed since ancient times, and salt policy is a national plan, which was attached great importance by successive governments, and so was the Qing government. In the Qing Dynasty, the salt law was mainly in the form of official supervision and commercial operation, and private salt was repeatedly banned. However, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom implemented a complete monopoly, with township officials as daily managers or full-time managers, and the right to sell salt was returned to local governments. Banning the smuggling of salt can not only curb the loss of national wealth, but also prevent businessmen from hoarding and profiteering from it. It is understandable that successive governments have strictly enforced it. However, salt is a daily necessity of the people. The government monopolizes the price increase and makes profits on behalf of salt merchants. Not only are ordinary businessmen unprofitable, but even the basic needs of ordinary people’s families are deeply affected. For example, the "salt fee" levied in Changshu and Zhaowen is completely unfair and can only intensify social contradictions.

"King Gai" was troubled by "salt" and "food", which are the most basic needs of the people. It can be seen that the governments of Haining and Haiyan Taiping Heavenly Kingdom have not even completed the basic social appeasement. Although the political nature of the whole incident against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is remarkable, it cannot conceal the simple original intention of the people to join in the resistance, that is, to survive. Compared with the other two incidents, because the composition of this bandit team is basically people struggling on the verge of death, the color of "officials forcing the people to rebel" is even stronger.

It needs to be specially explained that because of the strong nature of the civilian-led militia, it is easy to misunderstand their battle with the Taiping Army as "farmers beating farmers". Jane Youwen once said: "Is it because most of the Taiping Army soldiers are farmers, so it is called the peasant revolution?" However, aren’t the Hunan soldiers who attacked and destroyed the counter-revolutionary Taiping Army farmers in Xiangxiang area? It is clear that farmers beat farmers. "(Jane’s essay: A Complete History of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Volume I, Hong Kong: Jane’s Rushing into the Bookstore, 1962, with preface and supplementary note on page 3)The soldiers and brave fighters of the regiments led by the Qing army and local gentry also come from the people. Under the control of various political forces, there will be fundamental conflicts between the Taiping Army and their classes and interest groups, and most of the people who participate are organized. The interests and political demands of organizers and leaders are not exactly the same as those of the vast majority of the people. Therefore, this kind of opposition can not be completely regarded as the opposition between the people, but more of a political opposition between leaders. For these civilian-led resistance teams, their leaders and main participants are all from ordinary people, and their demands are relatively consistent, and the interests represented by the leaders and organizers have not been obviously alienated in the resistance. Therefore, the opposition between the civilian-led resistance team and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom can be regarded as the opposition between the people and the ruling class of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, but it cannot be regarded as the opposition between the people and the people.

Compared with Bao Lishen, Shen Zhangda and Gai Tianwang, the three causes of armed incidents led by civilians, whether due to social panic or practical tyranny oppression, all reflect the simple original intention of the people to survive and seek security, that is, the content of resistance is basically an economic issue related to people’s livelihood. Although the specific protest content of each incident is different due to the type of incident, the place of occurrence and the socio-economic background, and the focus of the causes is also different, the people’s dissatisfaction with the social, economic and political strategy of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom through the actual actions of resistance is consistent, and the common protest content is such as economic policies such as donation and contribution, as well as the principles, methods and effects of policy practice. From the analysis of the object of protest, the main object of protest of the people is the township officials. The greed and disorder of township officials’ politics-the deviation of policy implementers-are the common factors that form these protest events, but the township officials’ politics of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom mainly focuses on the practice of Taiping military authorities in economic policy. It can be seen that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom did not realize the transformation and alternation between the old society and the new society in the occupied areas, on the contrary, it regressed from the old social order. The disadvantages of the parallel social order of tribute system and the traditional social and economic order were constantly exposed. In some areas, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom did not even maintain the basic livelihood, which inspired the people to resist the social, economic and political strategy of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. This shows that the opposition between ordinary people and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is mainly the opposition of their own interests, not the opposition of political positions. Therefore, as long as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom can safeguard the interests of the general public, it can win the initiative in the long-term anti-Qing war. In the early days,The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom described and promised a complete and beautiful vision for the general public, which represented the interests of the general public to a certain extent, so as to widely mobilize the people to join the rebellion, which was unprecedented in scale and intensity and dealt a heavy blow to the decadent Qing Dynasty. However, under the conditions of long-term war, the policies and measures of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the performance of government officials at all levels and Taiping Army officers and soldiers at all levels may deviate from these goals, triggering political resistance events led by civilians like Bao Lishen, Shen Zhangda and Chen Sanyatou. This shows that the grass-roots governance of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom did have serious problems of irrationality and violent oppression.

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the State Post Bureau, on August 13th, the first batch of relief materials sent to the disaster area by post arrived at Jiuzhaigou Zhangzha Post Sub-office. After intense work, all 20 relief materials were properly delivered on the same day. 200 mother postal parcels donated to Jiuzhaigou Women’s Federation were also delivered on the day of arrival. The Sichuan Postal Administration said that as of the 15th, the delivery channels were safe and orderly; Sichuan Post Branch, SF, Yuantong, Zhongtong, JD.COM, Tiantian and other industries actively participated in the earthquake relief work.

　　After the earthquake, Zhangzha Post Sub-office quickly opened the postal "green channel for earthquake relief" to provide free receiving and delivery services for the people in the disaster areas and resume normal delivery operations. On August 10th, more than 60 mails were received and sent, and nearly 500 imported parcels were handled, among which 10 college entrance examination admission notices were all delivered to the recipients safely. Two days after the earthquake, except for the closure of Zhangzha Branch on the 9th, the other postal outlets in Jiuzhaigou County maintained normal business, and two CRS and ATMs in Yongfeng New District and Zhangzha Branch provided financial self-service for the people in the disaster area for 216 times.

　　On August 14th, there was a heavy rain in Jiuzhaigou County, and the tent of the temporary postal service point set up by Zhangzha Post Sub-office was flooded. After the rainstorm, postal cadres and workers set up tents again to provide postal services for the residents in the disaster area.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, June 22 (Xinhua) The routine press conference of the Seismological Bureau of China in the second quarter of 2017 was held in Beijing on the 22nd. The conference introduced the active source technology system for detecting underground structures and the background and ideas of its application projects.

　　As one of the important topics of seismology in the 21st century, earthquake prediction is a global scientific problem. According to reports, it is an important means to study the underground medium structure and its change with time by using active sources to understand the earthquake environment and the process of earthquake preparation.

　　At the press conference, Xu Ping, a researcher at the Seismological Bureau of China, introduced the latest research achievement of the team of Academician Chen Qing from the Institute of Geophysics of the Seismological Bureau of China: "illuminating" the earth’s interior by artificially creating earthquakes.

　　Xu Ping said that up to now, most of people’s knowledge about the internal structure of the earth comes from seismologists’ analysis of seismic waves. However, natural earthquakes are uncontrollable and unevenly distributed, and there are a lot of blind spots. Xu Ping pointed out that artificial earthquake sources are needed to fill the places where there is no earthquake.

　　Xu Ping said, "The top ten scientific and technological problems in the 21st century are recognized internationally, and the first one is earthquake prediction. Because we don’t know how the earthquake came into being until now, it occurred at a depth of more than ten kilometers underground. The earthquake we know may be a fracture, and the pressure is pressed to a certain extent. For example, this chopstick is broken, which is an earthquake. This is our current cognition, and a large number of tectonic earthquakes are generated in this way. But when will it break? This is what we want to explore now, because only in this way can I predict when an earthquake will happen, just like weather forecast, so we have done a lot of work in this respect. We have experienced exploration for decades and now give us a new means, a new idea and a new method. Let’s explore this matter. "

　　Xu Ping introduced that an air gun presses high-pressure gas into a gas cylinder and then releases them underwater. This pressure can spread far away. According to this principle, in 2011, Chen Qing, an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences and a geophysicist, proposed that Binchuan, Dali, Yunnan Province established the world’s first launch pad for air gun sources. In 2013 and 2015, two air gun source launch stations were built in Hutubi, Xinjiang, and Zhangye, Qilian Mountain, respectively. Each launch pad will quietly fire dozens of times at night every day. At this time, the surrounding seismic stations will receive continuous seismic waves.

　　Xu Ping said that before the natural earthquake with the magnitude of 5.2 in Qilian Mountain, we can see the change of the travel time of the seismic wave generated by gas shooting 100 days before the natural earthquake. "We can see that the earthquake has a precursor phenomenon, at least on this earthquake, we can see that the travel time of the velocity layer of its underground structure has changed."

　　"Chen Qing’s team put forward an idea that if there are about 10 fixed air gun launchers in China, and the monitoring distance can reach about 1000 kilometers, it can basically cover the whole of Chinese mainland." Xu Ping said that through such a detection coverage, we can explore the laws of earthquakes more, better and deeper, explore the relationship between human activities, national economic construction and tectonic movement, and explore the formation laws of mineral deposits. (End)

[Abstract] With the "Belt and Road Initiative" entering the second decade, China’s cooperation with countries and regions along the route has reached a higher level, which puts forward a more urgent demand for international talents who know China, Asia and the Western world. Under this background, China’s study abroad service industry, as a bridge between domestic and foreign education, should transform its way of promoting international talent training from the traditional "outward transportation" to the "transportation+introduction" double cycle. This paper explores the necessity of this transformation, analyzes the problems in the process of transformation from the perspectives of industry structure, organization and technology, and puts forward some countermeasures, such as perfecting product system, digitizing study abroad service, establishing local study abroad service industry associations and strengthening the combination of academic research and practice.

[Keywords:] "Belt and Road"; Study abroad service industry; Industry transformation

According to official data, by the end of 2022, China had signed more than 200 cooperation documents with 150 countries and 32 international organizations to jointly build the Belt and Road, which created opportunities for business exchanges among many countries and promoted talent exchanges between different countries. In addition, with the increasingly fierce geopolitical competition between China and the United States, the importance of the "Belt and Road" construction has become increasingly prominent. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that building the Belt and Road Initiative has become a popular platform for international public goods and international cooperation. It is necessary to promote the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road".

The essence of the "Belt and Road" construction is the cooperation between China and other countries, which requires the participation of international talents to achieve the expected results. China’s study abroad service industry has great advantages in international talent training, and has helped millions of students to study abroad successfully for many years. When national construction needs a large number of international talents, China’s study abroad service industry should be appropriately transformed, give full play to its early service advantages, publicize relevant national policies, and promote overseas students to return to China for employment; At the same time, we will develop the business of international students studying in China, optimize the "import" and "export", and make contributions to the cultivation of international talents in China.

First, the introduction of China’s study abroad service industry

After the reform and opening up, the state implemented the policy of supporting study abroad, and gradually liberalized self-funded study abroad. With the rapid development of economic globalization, the income of China residents has been greatly improved, and the main way of studying abroad has gradually changed from public study to self-funded study, further promoting the upsurge of studying abroad. The purpose of studying abroad has also changed, from learning knowledge to broadening knowledge, enriching life and learning advanced knowledge and technology. Under this circumstance, the service industry for studying abroad in China came into being. Since the reform and opening up, it has provided overseas study consultation and services to millions of self-funded groups, helping many students to study abroad successfully. Among them, Britain, the United States, Canada and Australia are the main destinations for studying abroad, and Germany, Japan and South Korea are gradually attracting more and more students’ attention.

China’s overseas study service industry organizations include large companies, studios and independent consultants, etc. The educational level of the clients involves middle school, undergraduate and graduate students, and the service contents include overseas study consultation, overseas study application, overseas study training, academic counseling and employment guidance. The service content can be divided and defined in more detail from narrow and broad perspectives. In a narrow sense, study abroad service is an intermediary service for study abroad, including study abroad consultation and application; In a broad perspective, study abroad service includes not only study abroad consultation and application, but also study abroad training, academic counseling, study abroad and employment services.

Since January 8, 2023, China has officially implemented "Class B and B Management" for Covid-19 infection, and the market of China’s study abroad service industry has gradually warmed up. Related industry research reports show that compared with the rapid development from 2014 to 2019, China’s study abroad service industry is in a moderate development period from 2021 to 2023, but it will start to grow at a high speed after 2024, reaching a market scale of 467.9 billion yuan and nearly 600 billion yuan in 2024 and 2025 respectively. Among them, the business of studying abroad from a narrow perspective is growing slowly, while the business from a broad perspective, including background improvement, study abroad training, academic counseling and employment services, will usher in rapid development.

Michael Porter once said that the four factors of politics, law, economy, social culture and technology in the macro environment of the industry have great influence on the long-term development of the industry and enterprises within the industry. The "Belt and Road Initiative" conforms to China’s basic national policy of opening to the outside world, is the need for the country to expand and deepen its opening to the outside world, and is also an effective way to strengthen ties and cooperation between China, Asia, Europe and Africa. China’s study abroad service industry should give full play to its own characteristics, make appropriate transformation, change its mode from "outward export" to "export+import", and expand its study abroad destinations to countries and regions along the Belt and Road, so as to cultivate international talents needed for the Belt and Road construction.

Second, the necessity of the transformation and upgrading of the service industry for studying abroad

(1) Create a good domestic environment for the construction of the "Belt and Road"

As early as 2015, the number of employees in China’s study abroad service industry from a narrow perspective has reached 25,000. In 2017, the state released the qualification of intermediary service for studying abroad, and more individuals were able to enter the industry. Since 2018, various industries (businesses) in China’s study abroad service industry have developed rapidly from a broad perspective. Under the background of "One Belt, One Road" initiative, the transformation of China’s study abroad service industry is bound to create more employment opportunities, alleviate the current employment problems, thus promoting social stability, creating a good domestic environment for promoting the "Belt and Road" construction, and providing a sound environmental guarantee for exploring more international cooperation.

(B) to provide talent protection for the "Belt and Road" construction

From 1978 to the end of 2018, more than 3.65 million overseas students chose to return to China for development after completing their studies. Among them, many people have become the best in the industry and made great contributions to the prosperity and development of the country. At the same time, China has become the largest destination country for studying abroad in Asia. In 2018, a total of 492,200 international students from 196 countries and regions studied in China, including more than 260,000 students from countries and regions along the Belt and Road Initiative.

Under the background of "One Belt, One Road" initiative, the transformation of China’s study abroad service industry involves providing better services to the above two groups. "Overseas students have a broad vision and should be at the forefront of innovation", which is the high hope and expectation of the Supreme Leader General Secretary for the overseas students. Returned overseas students generally have an international perspective, are familiar with international rules and dare to innovate and start businesses. International students from countries and regions along the Belt and Road have a full understanding of their own countries, and by studying in China and learning China culture, they become the disseminators of China culture. These two groups are important talent groups needed to promote the "Belt and Road" construction, which provide a basic guarantee for comprehensively promoting the diplomacy of a big country with China characteristics, and are also the groups that must be focused on in the transformation of the service industry for studying abroad in China.

(C) Effectively respond to national talent introduction policies and international competition for talents.

In today’s world, international competition is unprecedentedly fierce, and countries with strong comprehensive strength can gain advantages in the competition. In the final analysis, the competition between countries is the competition of knowledge innovation and scientific and technological innovation, and the key is the competition of talents. Countries have formulated policies to attract overseas talents, such as Germany’s "blue card program", Britain’s PSW visa policy, and the United States’ provision of convenient immigration conditions for science and engineering talents. Compared with western countries, China pays more attention to the introduction of high-level talents from other countries. China pays more attention to its own overseas students and their work, and has successively issued a series of policies to encourage overseas students to return to China and serve the country. The transformation of the service industry for studying abroad in China should involve relevant contents, so as to help China effectively cope with the international competition for talents.

Third, the problems existing in the transformation of the service industry for studying abroad

(A) the industrial chain is short, the links between different industries are loose, and the products need to be systematized.

In 2018, there were 662,100 Chinese students studying abroad, with a total of 519,400 returned overseas students and over 490,000 international students studying in China. The data shows that there is a big gap between the export and import of students in China at this stage. Only a few institutions in the market provide business for studying in China, and most of them lack services for studying in China, especially for students from countries and regions along the Belt and Road Initiative. On the other hand, the service products of China’s study abroad service industry on the employment of returned overseas students also need to be enriched.

(B) A large number of organizations, the quality of service needs to be improved.

On January 12th, 2017, the State Council issued the "Decision on the Third Batch of Cancellation of Administrative Licensing Matters in Central Designated Places", which cancelled the qualification examination and approval of study abroad agents, and the number of institutions providing study abroad services increased sharply. In Tianyancha, "study abroad service intermediary" was used as the key word to search, and the number of related enterprises has exceeded 100 thousand. However, the improvement of the service quality of overseas study service institutions failed to catch up with the growth rate of the number of institutions. Take the study abroad service industry in Ningbo as an example. By 2022, there were as many as 990 enterprises involved in study abroad services, but only 90 enterprises specialized in study abroad services, nearly half of which were small and micro enterprises, which made it difficult to protect the rights and interests of customers. More than 20% of the respondents who are willing to study abroad hold a wait-and-see attitude towards the services of overseas institutions, and think that their service quality assurance system and tracking system need to be improved [1]. The improvement of service quality will enhance the satisfaction of students (customers) who plan to study abroad with the service industry for studying abroad, and ultimately affect their acceptance of the follow-up suggestions given by the industry, which will help the industry guide international students to return to China for development.

(C) The application of digital and intelligent technologies in the industry needs to be improved.

Traditional study abroad institutions have a slight advantage in promoting informatization. Some organizations have started to build CRM and OA systems since 2010, linking employee performance with system operation, improving internal employee management and ensuring customer service can be completed on time. In 2017, some institutions also launched intelligent study abroad system products, covering consultant style, product introduction, destination country introduction, institution introduction, professional introduction and successful cases, providing students and parents with all-round services and support. There are also several overseas training institutions that have arranged online education early to realize online and digital language training. Except for some large overseas institutions, there are very few enterprises that can support the digital cost, which leads to a series of problems, such as customer data can not be kept safely, customer privacy can not be guaranteed, business progress can not be shared in real time, and customer experience is poor.

(D) lack of academic research and failure to provide effective guidance for the transformation of the service industry for studying abroad.

More employees in the overseas study service industry will pursue higher-level degree courses after work to better serve students or guide the development of overseas study service institutions. As of March 18th, 2023, there were 111 master’s theses on China Knowledge Network with the theme of "study abroad service". However, most of the studies were carried out around a single enterprise, rarely from the perspective of the industry, especially the related research with the background of "Belt and Road", which failed to provide effective reference for the transformation of the study abroad service industry in China. According to the literature, scholars’ perspectives include the brand building and development strategy of overseas study service institutions, the evolution of overseas study policies, the influencing factors of students’ willingness and motivation to study abroad, the risks in the process of studying abroad, and the impact of studying abroad on China’s education development (see table).

Fourth, the study on the countermeasures for the transformation of the service industry for studying abroad

(1) Based on international education, increase employment and study in China to meet the talent demand for the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative.

1. Improve the products and services related to returning employment.

The service industry for studying abroad has provided relevant services before students go abroad, and it has early advantages in contacting and persuading students to buy products for employment back home. When designing products related to returning to China for employment, enterprises should decide according to their own scale and strength, and also consider the demand for talents in the construction of the "Belt and Road". For large-scale enterprises, we can consider taking advantage of having offices abroad to cooperate with recruitment platforms and hold job fairs overseas; Summarize and share the information on the talent demand for the "Belt and Road" construction and the information on the employment of overseas students returning to China, including entrepreneurship, employment support, financial support and other services, and play the role of a third party to improve the efficiency of students’ decision-making; Establish a special business department, hire professional staff, and provide students with resume guidance and interview training. Smaller enterprises can consider focusing on developing the second type of scheme or cooperating with large enterprises.

2. Developing the business of international students studying in China, and forming a double-cycle effect with the business of studying abroad.

The study abroad service industry should establish in-depth cooperation with relevant state departments and institutions and domestic schools, understand the needs of colleges and universities, make full use of the marketing departments of different enterprises, and timely and accurately convey information to potential international students in countries and regions along the Belt and Road Initiative; Work with the school to design related activities, such as essay competition for international students in China, international friends entering China enterprises, cooking competition for international students in China, etc., to help international students in China integrate into life in China, understand China culture and tell China stories well.

(2) Establish local study abroad service industry associations to promote personnel exchanges between China and countries and regions along the Belt and Road.

The local study abroad service industry association is a non-profit social organization in the study abroad service industry. It is generally advocated and promoted by the local education department, reviewed and approved by the Social Organization Administration of the Civil Affairs Department, and participated by local study abroad service institutions. It has clear functions, structure, articles of association and services. At present, relevant associations have been established in Beijing and Guangzhou. Taking beijing overseas-study service association as an example, the Association has 66 member units, all of which have the qualification of intermediary service for studying abroad. The Association has a secretariat, an international department, a comprehensive social service department, a training department, a Chinese department, an information center and a legal affairs department, which provide various services such as studying abroad guarantee plan, seven-day termination without obligation, studying abroad finance and studying abroad insurance, and make positive contributions to standardizing the local study abroad market in Beijing, promoting the healthy and steady development of the local study abroad service industry and cultivating international talents for the country. All localities can learn from Beijing’s practice, establish local study abroad service industry associations, understand students’ needs, regularly share and timely recommend the study abroad policies of countries and regions along the Belt and Road, and promote the exchange of study between China and countries and regions along the Belt and Road.

(3) Promote the digitalization of overseas study services, promote the inter-industry links of overseas study services, and improve service quality and customer experience.

The digital trend of studying abroad service is irreversible. The study abroad service industry should adhere to the digitalization of study abroad service, create favorable conditions for industry employees to learn and improve their personal digital literacy, and actively cooperate with industry associations to discuss how to use technologies such as the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence to innovate the study abroad service model and platform. China’s overseas study service industry should pay close attention to the relevant information of overseas students’ return service in time, and make corresponding publicity and support. At present, the country regularly holds job fairs for overseas students and the "Spring Cup" innovation and entrepreneurship competition for overseas students in China, and has established a government platform of "Service for Studying in internet plus". China’s study abroad service industry should pay attention to the digital reform of the country and provide effective advice and guidance for returned overseas students.

(4) Guide the academic circle to study the transformation of the overseas study service industry and better serve the construction of the "Belt and Road"

On the basis of establishing local study abroad service industry association, we should build a talent pool of local study abroad service industry. The association will organize leaders of study abroad institutions and people with high academic qualifications to hold regular discussions and hold industry salons. Topics can include the development of individual enterprises, the construction of China’s study abroad service industry ecosystem, and how China’s study abroad service industry can help the "Belt and Road" construction, so as to help the people with high academic qualifications get scientific research inspiration and promote the local and even national study abroad service industry to find a better development direction.

The development of study abroad service industry in China is of great economic and social significance to China and plays an important role in cultivating and absorbing international talents. Under the background that the "Belt and Road" construction continues to advance and a large number of talents are needed, China’s study abroad service industry needs to be transformed, and the talent introduction function should be realized and strengthened to achieve the goal of attracting overseas students to return to China for development and attracting outstanding foreign students to study and work in China. (The author Lu Shengguan is a teacher in the Marketing Department of Jilin International Studies University. This paper is the phased scientific research achievement of Jilin International Studies University’s school-level project "Research on College Students’ Academic Attainment: Influencing Factors, Influencing Principles and Posteffects" [project number: JW2022JSKYB029]).

References:

[1] Liu Chang. Ningbo study abroad service industry development survey [J]. Ningbo Economy (Sanjiang Forum), 2022, No.560 (01): 14-15+26.

[2] Lin Jie, Zhang Xinqi, Liu Yeqing. Construction and application of risk assessment model for studying abroad-based on the evaluation of Britain and the United States [J]. University Education Management, 2023,17 (01): 100-114.

[3] Chen Xiaojie. Study on marketing strategy of HB Group’s overseas study business [D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2022.

[4] Lu Shengguan. Study on the influencing factors of internal service quality-taking the domestic study abroad service industry as an example [D]. Beijing: capital university of economics and business, 2017.

Source: China Scholar (No.7, 2023)

　　Looking at the development strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration, JD.COM region has occupied a corner with the most development potential by virtue of its special geographical position, and the trend of regional linkage has been hard to hide.

　　On May 29th, the Forum on Regional Value Development of Empowering Beijing East-JD.COM in the Fusion Era, hosted by Yulan Bay and co-organized by Anjuke, was officially held in JD.COM New Town, the weather vane of the greater Beijing area. The forum specially invited Guo Yi, deputy general manager and chief analyst of the market development department of Heshuo organization, and producer of Yijia’s words; Zhou Qingjie, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor of Beijing Technology and Business University and Director of Economic Research Center of Beijing Technology and Business University; Li Zhen, National Deputy Editor of Anjuke and Chief Analyst of Anjuke Real Estate Research Institute; Ren Ye, deputy editor-in-chief of Anjuke Beijing Region and senior analyst of Anjuke Real Estate Research Institute, and four elites from the industry gathered together to discuss the great development of JD.COM with the mainstream real estate media in Beijing, take the opportunity of the times, explore new standards of human settlements and talk about a bright future.

　　Towards a World-class Urban Agglomeration and Understanding the Butterfly Change of JD.COM City Value

　　At the level of national planning, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, as the core world-class urban agglomeration of China in the future, plays an irreplaceable role in national regional planning. And since Tongzhou was officially established as the administrative sub-center of Beijing in 2015, the development trend of the city eastward has opened a crazy sprint mode.

Professor Zhou Qingjie, Executive Director of Economic Research Center, School of Economics, Beijing Technology and Business University

　　Urban development depends on policies in the short term and industries in the long term. Regarding the current industrial development situation around Beijing, Professor Zhou Qingjie, executive director of the Economic Research Center of the School of Economics, Beijing Technology and Business University, believes that "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is a world-class urban agglomeration, and the coordinated development of the region needs industrial drive. Within the scope of Beijing-surrounding area, JD.COM’s comprehensive strength is in the first echelon, and a large amount of industrial investment remains in JD.COM, so the city value is worth exploring."

　　According to public information, by the end of April, there were 52 projects in JD.COM New Town with an investment of over 100 million yuan, with a total investment of 30.48 billion yuan, and the investment this year was 1.647 billion yuan. Including the Guanghuan Yanjiao cloud computing base with a total investment of 2.986 billion yuan, and the Dingsheng 3D printing industry innovation and development base located in the core area of JD.COM New Town. JD.COM region has stepped into the fast track of development.

Pomegranate Group Regional Marketing Chief Zhang Ning

　　"With the rapid development of urban industries to the east, it is foreseeable that there will be great potential in JD.COM in the future. In the new round of urban development butterfly change, the potential of urban value can also be revealed from the amazing increase in housing prices in Beijing and Beijing East District in recent years. Efficient and convenient transportation configuration has also become one of the decisive factors for the rise in housing prices in Beijing East. " Zhang Ning, regional marketing chief of Pomegranate Group, said.

　　At present, the G102 National Road, the Capital Ring Expressway, the Beijing-Qinhuangdao Expressway and the Jingping Expressway in JD.COM, together with the planned Metro Line 22, are connected to Beijing in all directions, and at the same time, the traffic links with Tongzhou, Shunyi and the airport are fully opened, forming a multi-track linkage trend, which has truly become an important transportation hub connecting Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, radiating North China and even communicating with the whole country. The establishment of multi-dimensional traffic facilities determines the layout of real estate around Beijing.

　　Looking at the "Heart of the City" Sub-center, Huanxin JD.COM’s Living Concept

　　The core area of JD.COM New Town has attracted a large number of people under the favorable conditions of industry and transportation. In order to make the city more livable, the development of JD.COM pays extra attention to the overall growth of urban facilities, and further integrates rich resources such as housing, commerce, schools, business districts and medical care to realize the value-added of the all-round life system.

Guo Yi, deputy general manager and chief analyst of the market development department of Heshuo organization, producer of Yijiazhiyan.

　　Teacher Guo Yi, deputy general manager of the market development department of Heshuo organization, who has a good research on JD.COM’s urban development, analyzed, "JD.COM region has developed rapidly in recent years. Take education as an example, there are 71 primary schools and 24 middle schools in JD.COM region. On the basis of degree expansion, the quality of education has been greatly promoted. Under the coordinated development plan and the favorable inflow of resources, JD.COM’s livability has also begun to appear." What’s more worth mentioning is that the core area of JD.COM New Town, where the household registration policy is relatively loose, will become a place for more Beijing’s overflow population after policies such as restricting settlement have been introduced in many places around Beijing.

　　As one of the top four housing enterprises in Beijing, Pomegranate Group developed the first Yulan Bay in Tongzhou, Beijing. As soon as it came out, it attracted wide attention, leading the Tongzhou plate, making the pomegranate brand resound through the Tongzhou market, leaving a legend that "one house is pomegranate for every 10 houses sold on average". This time, Pomegranate Group, in the name of a powerful brand with 13 years’ hard work and national reputation, once again added more weight to JD.COM area, settled in Yanjiao, and built the 11th Magnolia Bay in China with the help of the capital. On the mission of continuing to write glory, it once again revived the living concept of New North JD.COM.

　　Pomegranate Yulan Bay strikes "Bay boutique" to create a dream of life

　　At the important meeting just past, the state reiterated that housing is not speculation: "Adhere to the positioning that houses are used for living, not for speculation, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market because of the city’s policy." Although it is only 36 words, it has set the tone for the real estate situation in 2020.

Li Zhen, National Deputy Editor of Anjuke and Chief Analyst of Anjuke Real Estate Research Institute

　　Li Zhen, deputy editor-in-chief of Anjuke and chief analyst of Anjuke Real Estate Research Institute, believes that "under the principle of’ no speculation in housing’, the financial attributes of houses in the future will become weaker and weaker. At present, buyers pay more attention to the nature of products and living characteristics."

　　Pomegranate Group adheres to the corporate mission of "Let more people live in good houses", and has been focusing on the development of mid-to high-end residential projects for many years. This time, Pomegranate Yulan Bay still inherits the idea of integrating exquisite scientific and technological buildings into modern life, and builds a 6-9-storey transparent garden house with one staircase and two households at an ultra-low floor area ratio of 1.5, scientifically customizing the most comfortable living standard in JD.COM, so that the lighting can last for more than three hours on the winter solstice.

　　Architecture is not only a simple residence, but also a place to create life dreams for residents. Therefore, on the basis of respecting nature, land and humanity, Pomegranate Yulan Bay has launched exploration and practice on contemporary human settlements. In order to fulfill the promise that "life is on vacation", Pomegranate Yulan Bay has absorbed the achievements of Chinese painting "Lin Quan Gao Zhi", created a five-fold spectacle of "one ring, two axes, four gardens and eight views" and strived to realize its products.

　　Pomegranate Yulan Bay, which is said to be "the best in the Bay, the best in the Bay", not only brings a sample of luxurious and elegant villa life to Tongzhou East, but also stands in the core area of JD.COM New Town, which is the first in the development of three northern counties, and brings together the rich living facilities of the two cities. On the basis of the development of world-class urban agglomerations, the 11th Yulan Bay in China will be better and better!

　　　[Disclaimer] This article only represents the viewpoint of the cooperative contributor, not the position of Hexun. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

　　Fan Yulu’s drawing

　　Hangjin Technology released the first quarterly report of A shares in 2024 on April 3. In the first quarter, the company achieved an operating income of 1.627 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 97.7%; The net profit of returning to the mother was 50.6046 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 304.92%, which ushered in a "good start".

　　Shanghai securities news reporter noted that a number of listed companies showed a jubilant trend in the first quarter. Choice data shows that as of the evening of April 7, a total of 47 A-share companies "spoiled" their first-quarter results through a quarterly report, performance forecast and listing announcement. Except for two companies, which were reduced in advance and slightly, the other 45 companies were in a state of "pre-happiness" (including pre-increase, slight increase, continued profit, loss-making, etc.).

　　Among them, consumer electronics, auto parts, chemicals and other industries "excellent students" gathered, and the production and sales were booming, which was the operating state of many companies in the first quarter. Mass production of new projects, sufficient market orders, product structure optimization, and significant cost reduction and efficiency increase have become the driving factors of listed companies’ performance growth in the first quarter.

　　Orders enter the mass production period, and the production and sales of auto parts are booming.

　　On the whole, among the 47 companies that have released the operating data for the first quarter, the lower limit of the year-on-year pre-increase in net profit of more than half exceeds 50%, and the net profit of 16 companies (including 4 companies that turned losses) is expected to double year-on-year. The auto parts industry has a high degree of prosperity.

　　"In the first quarter of 2024, the number of new projects in mass production increased, and the market orders were sufficient. The company continued lean production and process improvement, continuously improved production capacity and output, expanded business scale, and its performance increased accordingly." Shanghai Yangpu, an auto parts supplier, made a pre-profit of about 30,915,800 yuan in the first quarter, up by about 176.96% year-on-year.

　　Similarly, Chuanhuan Technology, Wuxi Zhenhua, Songyuan Co., Ltd. and Shuanghuan Transmission all pre-increased their first-quarter results, and the lower limits of the pre-increase of net profit were 80.29%, 74.94%, 60.11% and 22.75% respectively.

　　Chuanhuan Technology’s pre-profit in the first quarter was 40.6 million yuan to 48 million yuan, up 80.29% year-on-year to 113.15%. The company said that thanks to the growth of demand in the automobile industry, especially in the new energy automobile industry, the supply and demand of the industrial chain have been effectively enhanced, and the proportion of the company’s new energy vehicle revenue has increased; In the domestic new energy automobile industry, the company has continuously developed a number of new energy automobile manufacturers, and the fixed-point situation of the company’s new product projects has continued to improve.

　　Chuanhuan Technology revealed that the liquid-cooled pipeline system products used in the fields of energy storage and data center servers expanded by the company have achieved initial results. The liquid-cooled pipeline system in the energy storage field has started to be supplied in batches, and the liquid-cooled pipeline system in the data center server field has realized small batch supply.

　　Songyuan Co., Ltd., the leader in the domestic automotive passive safety field, made a pre-profit of 52 million yuan to 58 million yuan in the first quarter, up 60.11% to 78.59% year-on-year. According to the company, since 2024, the demand for cost reduction at the vehicle end is in line with the cost-effective characteristics of the company’s products, providing sufficient business penetration opportunities, and the reserved project orders are gradually mass-produced and scaled up. At the same time, as the second growth curve of the company’s main business, the contribution of airbag and steering wheel assembly products has stabilized, and the capacity of IPO fundraising projects has been effective one after another.

　　Looking at Novozymes, the company’s pre-profit in the first quarter was 415 million yuan to 502 million yuan, up 90% to 130% year-on-year. For the main reason of performance growth, Novozymes bluntly said that the blueberry business dominated by the company’s second growth curve entered the second year of mass production, and the first quarter was the peak season of business, and its operating income and profit increased significantly year-on-year.

　　Driven by booming production and sales, the first quarter net profit of Guoguang Electric Appliances in the consumer electronics industry, Sanyuan Bio in the chemical industry, Nuotai Bio in the medical service industry and Hangya Technology in the aviation equipment industry is expected to double year-on-year. For example, thanks to the increase in orders from downstream customers, the increase in sales of the company’s main products and the gradual increase in capacity utilization, Sanyuan Bio’s pre-profit in the first quarter was 23 million yuan to 29 million yuan, up 194.56% to 271.4% year-on-year.

　　The domestic and international markets have made great efforts to achieve gratifying results.

　　At the same time of sufficient orders and strong sales, the company’s product and customer structure optimization, cost reduction and efficiency improvement have been steadily promoted, which has become another key factor to improve the profitability of listed companies in the first quarter and laid a solid foundation for the steady growth of the company’s annual performance.

　　Guoguang Electric, a leader in the domestic audio and electro-acoustic industry, expects the net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies to be 26 million yuan to 29.8 million yuan in the first quarter, up 263.60% to 3.1674% year-on-year. Guoguang Electric said that in the first quarter, the company’s product sales increased year-on-year, and the proportion of high-margin products increased, which increased the company’s gross profit margin. At the same time, the company continued to implement various measures to reduce costs and increase efficiency, which improved the overall profitability.

　　Looking at Songlin Technology, the company adhered to category orientation, embraced old customers and actively explored new customers. The kitchen and bathroom health category and beauty health category achieved steady growth, further optimized product structure, continued to promote lean operation, and exceeded the company’s net profit target. Songlin Technology made a pre-profit of 103 million yuan to 123 million yuan in the first quarter, up 135.66% to 181.42% year-on-year.

　　"The company’s main business focuses on the thermal power ultra-supercritical boiler manufacturing industry, benefiting from the surge in downstream orders, and the company’s orders in hand increased accordingly during the same period." Shengde Xintai’s pre-profit in the first quarter was 47.5 million yuan to 52.5 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 136.13% to 160.99%. According to the company, the shipments of various categories increased in the first quarter, among which the product structure of alloy steel products was further improved, and the shipments of stainless steel products increased by about 100% compared with the same period.

　　Science and technology innovation board company Wright Optoelectronics also said that the downstream market demand of OLED continued to grow in the first quarter, and the company’s revenue of OLED terminal materials increased significantly year-on-year. At the same time, the scale effect of new products has gradually improved, and the company has actively implemented cost reduction and efficiency improvement, and its profitability has been greatly improved. In the first quarter, Wright Optoelectronics made a pre-profit of 39.1109 million yuan to 48.4125 million yuan, up 66.29% year-on-year to 105.83%.

　　Since 2024, with the recovery of the international market, the overseas business of some companies has shown a high growth trend, further boosting the company’s performance. Weihai Guangtai’s pre-profit in the first quarter was 45.8972 million yuan to 50.4869 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 50% to 65%. The company bluntly said that since 2024, the demand for international and domestic airport equipment has continued to show a rapid growth trend.

　　As of March 21st, Weihai Guang Tai has received 280 million yuan of new international orders this year, a year-on-year increase of 520%. Newly obtained domestic orders of 190 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 179%; The airport equipment business received a total of 470 million yuan in new orders, a year-on-year increase of 312%, the best level in the same period in history.

　　Shuanghuan Transmission also said that the company’s competitiveness in the global market has gradually won the recognition of overseas customers, and the designated projects have entered mass production in stages, promoting the continuous growth of the company’s new energy automobile gear business.

Special topic: all parts of the country are United in freezing disaster

On January 29th, Wen Jiabao appeared at Changsha Railway Station to express his condolences to the stranded passengers.

　　　　We didn’t look small in the face of the snowstorm. On the contrary, in the struggle against disasters, we have seen the courage of human beings to dare to fight with nature, and have re-recognized these precious feelings of family, love and friendship. At the time of snowstorm, New Express and a community jointly launched the "Spring Festival travel rush’s Most Touched People in 2008" selection, which made us look forward to happiness and select our heroes together.

　　　　Power supply facilities in various places were seriously damaged, and electric workers urgently repaired them. After three electric workers died in Hunan, there was bad news …

　　　　To this end, we chose the comments of netizens on some candidates, which expressed the voices of netizens. Of course, as a reader, you may have a better choice, or you can leave your nomination on the Internet.

　　　　Wen Jiabao: Go to the station to express condolences to the passengers.

　　　　On January 29th, Premier Wen Jiabao of The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) and the State Council visited the passengers stranded at Changsha Railway Station in Hunan. Premier Wen Jiabao said to the passengers that the Spring Festival is coming, and I would like to pay tribute to everyone for the early years. I am deeply sorry that you were trapped in the railway station and failed to go home early. Now we are trying our best to repair it and we will definitely send everyone home for the Spring Festival. Netizen "Mu Feng" is a witness: "I have experienced a long wait in this cold winter, and it is so warm to see Premier Wen visit us with my own eyes!" Netizen "Simple" said: "Good Prime Minister, he can be seen before every difficulty and disaster, with warmth, care and confidence. I really appreciate his work for the motherland. The Prime Minister has worked hard!"

　　　　Stranded passengers: patience and sacrifice are moving

　　　　The netizen "dog sees people" took a group of photos. He said in his blog: "More than 100,000 people are crowded together to wait for the bus, and there will be more and more people. It is not easy to let everyone go home. In the current bad weather, it will not be completed in a day or two. I hope that the refund of the refund, the boarding of the car, peace is the most important. " The netizen "crossing the world of mortals" thinks: "In order to go home to reunite with their relatives and visit their elderly parents in their hometown, they crowded in the cold station and waited for the delayed train, and walked on the road of Spring Festival travel rush with great patience and sacrifice. With so many people, just going to the toilet is a big problem. These silently patient people are moving! "

　　　　Lin Zhengjin: "Runaway groom" goes to disaster relief.

　　　　January 28th is the wedding day for Lin Zhengjin of Nanjing Fire Brigade. At this time, the fire brigade received the snow disaster alarm and immediately dispatched the ladder truck to the rescue. Lin Zhengjin is the most skilled ladder truck driver in the team. After receiving the order, Lin Zhengjin immediately took off his wedding dress and chose to "exit" halfway, braving the heavy snow and rushing to the scene to participate in the rescue.

　　　　In this regard, the netizen "Gao Feng" said: "After the snowstorm, we will reissue a wedding for the groom and take the Spring Festival travel rush Most Touching Person Award as the best gift for his marriage." Netizen "those flowers" praised: "Lin Zhengjin is a man who knows great love. It is worth marrying such a man!"

　　　　Jing Jianjun: melting ice on his back and chest on foot

　　　　Jing Jianjun, a man from Chenzhou, Hunan Province who works in Guangzhou, was blocked by a snowstorm on the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway. He walked home with his 7-year-old son on his back. On the way, Jing Jianjun stuffed the only half bottle of water into his chest bag and used his body’s heat to melt the ice and occasionally moisten his throat. After more than 10 hours of arduous trek, I finally got home.

　　　　Netizen "Little Stone" said: "The strong character of the people of China and Hunan has once again shown itself in the face of difficulties!" Netizen "Fire" said: "This child must be a tough guy when he grows up!" Netizen "84" sighed: "Father’s love is boundless."

　　　　Hu Yuan Ren Wen ‘e: I was trapped in the car on the way to get married

　　　　On the Beijing-Zhuhai North Expressway, it was snowy outside the car. Hu Yuan and Ren Wene were scheduled to rush back to their hometown in Anhui for a wedding on the 26th, but the road was blocked for five days. I spent an unforgettable ice and snow wedding on the long-distance bus, and the passengers in the same car made a bridal chamber for the groom to kiss the bride. Netizen "gsyshjs" loudly applauded: "Classic, good, blessing! This did not delay marriage. " The netizen "good words from good people" thinks: "A beautiful and unforgettable wedding, no matter how good the wedding planning is, no matter how luxurious the wedding car is! Happy wedding! "

　　　　Zhongfang county cadres: snow closes mountains to send rice to the village.

　　　　Since January 12th, it has been 16 days since the mountain was closed by heavy snow in zhongfang county, and many remote mountain villages began to lack rice. China’s county party committee and government urgently raised 50 tons of rice, and township cadres "carried rice into the village" to solve the problem of feeding the needy people. Netizen in Guangzhou said: zhongfang county’s cadres are good and considerate of the current difficult areas, otherwise they will really starve and freeze to death. Netizen "999" said: "We just need such Jiao Yulu-style good cadres."

　　　　Workers killed in the line of duty: snow and ice witness the tragic martyrs.

　　　　Luo Haiwen, Luo Changming and Zhou Jinghua, employees of Hunan Power Transmission and Transformation Construction Company, climbed the tower in order to deice. Because the line was too thick and the tower was overwhelmed, they fell from a height of more than 50 meters and died unfortunately. They have been regarded as martyrs.

　　　　Netizen "Dragon Man" was deeply moved: "The passengers trapped on the road only extended their journey home, but the people who gave their lives to fight the disaster were always left on the way home." Netizen "Green Wetland" said: "I salute you, you are so young, all of whom are old and young, and the country should make good compensation."