Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 11thQuestion: children, have a labor class! — — Focus on several concerns of the new edition of labor class in primary and secondary schools
Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter
Primary and middle school students should learn to cook and stew soup, grow vegetables and raise birds, and repair household appliances … … The Ministry of Education recently issued "Compulsory Education Labor Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition)". From the fall semester of 2022, a variety of labor skills will be included in the curriculum, which has aroused great concern in society.
A survey by Xinhua Viewpoint reporter found that the society generally agrees that primary and secondary school students should learn labor skills, but there are different views on how to teach, how to evaluate and how to keep labor classes from becoming a mere formality.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said that it is a major change in the new compulsory education curriculum plan to separate the class hours occupied by labor from the comprehensive practical activity curriculum. The content and form of the new labor course are more advanced with the times, rich and diverse.
What to study: cooking and cleaning, planting and breeding, public welfare work, etc.
In fact, many people are no strangers to labor classes. Picking up food after 1960s, sweeping the playground after 1970s, and doing manual work after 1980s and 1990s are unique memories of many students.
From studying engineering and agriculture to incorporating labor education into the teaching plan, and then making it clear that labor class is a compulsory course, although the form and name have changed, labor class has always existed in the curriculum system of primary and secondary schools in China.
It is understood that the new labor curriculum standard is aimed at education "emphasizing learning and neglecting labor" for some time; Emphasis on achievements and light hands-on. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said that this time, the labor class was separated from the original comprehensive practical activity class in order to better implement labor education. Through the important way of labor class, we can cultivate students’ correct labor values, good labor habits and quality, and make them become new people who understand, know and love labor.
On May 7, 2022, students from Houzaimen Primary School in Xi ‘an participated in the button sewing competition. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Bowen photo
According to the new curriculum standard, the course has ten task groups, which are divided into three categories: daily life labor, productive labor and service labor.
Among them, daily life labor includes four task groups: cleaning and sanitation, sorting and storage, cooking and nutrition, and use and maintenance of household appliances. Productive labor includes four task groups: agricultural productive labor, traditional craft production, industrial productive labor and new technology experience and application. Service labor includes modern service labor, public welfare labor and voluntary service.
Yao Yijie, deputy director of the Basic Education Research Office of Guangdong Education Research Institute, believes that this new curriculum standard is very comprehensive, covering not only all kinds of life scenes, but also labor practices such as agriculture, industry and service industry.
Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences, said that the labor class in the new curriculum standard combines skills, skills and scientific and technological practice activities, and the concept of labor is more complete.
The reporter looked up the labor curriculum standards and found that the curriculum arrangement is gradual. With the promotion of the study period, the difficulty of the project gradually increases and the skills are gradually improved. For example, the first and second grades should be able to choose and wash vegetables, the third and fourth grades should boil eggs and cook jiaozi, the fifth and sixth grades should fry eggs and stew soup, and the junior middle school should design three-meal recipes.
How to attend classes: the content is not uniform, and a diversified education platform and practice base are built.
"It can be satisfied to raise a goldfish at home. How to raise poultry buildings such as chickens and ducks?" "Who will teach? How to teach? Does the school have conditions and venues? " "It is a good thing for children to learn labor skills, but can it be done at school? Don’t take it home and let parents take care of it and shoot videos?" ……
After the release of the new curriculum standard, many parents left messages on social platforms, expressing their support for their children to learn and master labor skills, but they still have questions about how to attend the class.
Gu Jianjun, head of the labor curriculum standard group of compulsory education in the Ministry of Education, said that as a course, the school plays a leading role, the family plays a basic role, and the school, family and society work together to promote it.
Regarding the heated discussion on planting vegetables and raising poultry, Gu Jianjun said that the selection and determination of projects, curriculum resources and venue construction should be tailored to local conditions and not across the board. Conditional schools can build safe and reliable labor fields and places that meet the educational requirements, and at the same time make full use of all social forces to build diversified educational platforms and practice bases.
In fact, primary and secondary schools in many places have carried out the exploration of labor courses with their own characteristics.
Xinghu School, Liangjiang New District, Chongqing opened the roof of a teaching building of more than 6,000 square meters as a plantation, planted more than 10,000 sunflowers, and the students weeding, watering and harvesting by themselves. In rural primary and secondary schools in tan tang, Guigang, Guangxi, "schools have bases and classes have plots of land", and labor education counselors such as agricultural professionals and experts in planting and breeding are very popular among students.
On January 18th, 2022, students picked vegetables at the "Roof Farm" of Wangcheng School in Nan Zhou, Changsha. Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Zeguo photo
"Labor class can’t simply preach, otherwise it will become a mere formality and become ‘ Swing ’ Labor education. " Cheng Dean, a member of the Chongqing Municipal Political Consultative Conference, said that schools in big cities and rural schools, schools in the south and schools in the north, have different natural environments and conditions, so they should adapt to local conditions, make the courses operable and provide students with real labor opportunities.
Who will attend the labor class? In particular, how to solve some course teachers who need professional skills? Many school teachers interviewed by the reporter are very concerned about this.
The Ministry of Education previously requested that colleges and universities should strengthen the training of labor education teachers, and qualified colleges and universities should offer labor education-related majors; Carry out labor education teacher training.
Xiong Bingqi, president of the 21st Century Institute of Education, suggested that all localities should ensure the investment in school labor education and strengthen the construction of full-time teachers in labor classes. Strengthen cooperation and linkage with vocational schools and social institutions, revitalize resources inside and outside the school, and hire outstanding craftsmen from different industries, inheritors of intangible cultural heritage, experienced farmers and skilled workers as instructors.
How to evaluate: the evaluation of labor literacy that is not included in the examination items is used as a reference for admission to a higher level school.
After the announcement of the new curriculum standard, many parents asked: "How to mark the labor class?" "Will there be an exam in the labor class?" "Will the labor class be linked to further studies?"
In 2020, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Labor Education in Colleges, Middle Schools and Primary Schools in the New Era", which proposed that the evaluation results of labor literacy should be regarded as an important content to measure students’ all-round development, as an important reference and graduation basis for appraising excellent students, and as an important reference or basis for admission to higher-level schools.
Chu Zhaohui said that the current curriculum standards and policy requirements did not include labor education in the senior high school entrance examination.
"As a process-based comprehensive quality evaluation, labor education focuses on examining the process and performance of students’ labor practice, and cannot be simply evaluated by exams like Chinese and mathematics." Fan Yongfeng, a professor in the Education Department of Southwest University, believes that attention should be paid to the acquisition and growth of each student, such as the improvement of labor skills and the formation of labor habits.
On November 10, 2021, students from Class 1, Grade 3 of Chengguan No.3 Primary School in Pingli County, Shaanxi Province learned to fold clothes in the school housekeeping room. Xinhua News Agency reporter Shao Ruishe
In Qiaoshaxu No.2 Primary School, Panyu District, Guangzhou, which has implemented labor education, the school adopts multiple evaluation methods consisting of students’ self-evaluation, mutual evaluation, teachers’ evaluation and parents’ evaluation to select "Top Ten Small Experts in Planting", "Labor Class Activists", "Small Farmland Activists" and "Small Experts in Household Work" on campus. Li Minning, the principal, said that multi-party participation in the joint evaluation not only recognized students’ labor achievements, but also promoted students’ labor enthusiasm.
"Labor education also needs the cooperation of parents." Gu Jianjun believes that parents need to change their concepts, attach importance to the value of labor and life skills for the growth of minors, and integrate labor into daily life. "For example, children learn to scramble eggs with tomatoes at school. After returning home, parents should give students the opportunity to practice as much as possible. In order for children to learn at school and go home to do it, parents need to let their children do what they can. "
"Can form a school teaching — — Practice at home — — The cycle of school evaluation really allows students to develop working habits. " Huang Lifang, principal of Guangzhou Wende Road Primary School, said. (Reporter Song Jia, Ke Gaoyang, Zheng Tianhong, Hu Hao)